{"id":991029,"date":"2024-05-31T09:48:47","date_gmt":"2024-05-31T06:48:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/?p=991029"},"modified":"2026-07-14T21:42:58","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T18:42:58","slug":"uzum-dunyasinin-capkini-gouais-blanc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/en\/uzum-dunyasinin-capkini-gouais-blanc\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dcz\u00fcm D\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7apk\u0131n\u0131: Gouais Blanc"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Vine has existed on our planet for millions of years. Vines have watched the birth and extinction of millions of living species that no longer exist today. When we compare the existence of human, which goes back three million years, with that of the vine, we see that we are yesterday's children.<\/p>\r\n

Carole Meredith ve DNA Analizlerinin Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 Genetik Mucize<\/h2>\r\n

Gouais Blanc, as\u0131rlar boyunca s\u0131radan, kalitesiz, y\u00fcksek asitli ve kitle \u00fcretimine uygun “k\u00f6yl\u00fc \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc” olarak d\u0131\u015flan\u0131p ba\u011flardan s\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcrken, 1990’lar\u0131n sonunda California \u00dcniversitesi (UC Davis) b\u00fcnyesinde Dr. Carole Meredith liderli\u011finde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen mikrosatellit DNA profilleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u015farap d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda adeta bir deprem etkisi yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bilim insanlar\u0131, bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en prestijli, en pahal\u0131 ve asil beyaz \u015faraplar\u0131n\u0131n hammaddesi olan Chardonnay, Riesling, Gamay, Aligot\u00e9 ve Elbling gibi 80\u2019den fazla pop\u00fcler varyetenin anne-baba e\u015fle\u015fmelerini analiz ettiklerinde, bu asil salk\u0131mlar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n bir ebeveyninin asil Pinot ailesi, di\u011fer ebeveyninin ise d\u0131\u015flanan o “\u00e7apk\u0131n” Gouais Blanc oldu\u011funu rasyonel olarak kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Genetik biliminin bu sars\u0131c\u0131 tescili, do\u011fadaki biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin ve melezle\u015fmenin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koyarken, elitist pazarlama masallar\u0131 \u00fczerine kurulu \u015farap hiyerar\u015fisinin o yapay “soyluluk” iddialar\u0131n\u0131 da k\u00f6kten \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\r\n

Orta \u00c7a\u011f Avrupas\u0131\u2019nda Sosyal S\u0131n\u0131f S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n Enolojik Yans\u0131mas\u0131<\/h2>\r\n

Gouais Blanc\u2019\u0131n tarihsel ser\u00fcveni, Orta \u00c7a\u011f Fransas\u0131\u2019nda ve Kutsal Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde dikey birer sosyal s\u0131n\u0131f ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 enolojik yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Aristokrat s\u0131n\u0131f ve manast\u0131r ke\u015fi\u015fleri, kendi se\u00e7kin sofralar\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck verimli ama aromatik olarak yo\u011fun Pinot varyetelerini yeti\u015ftirirken, topra\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 ya\u015fayan k\u00f6yl\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n, yani serflerin, bu asil \u00fcz\u00fcmleri yeti\u015ftirmesi feodal yasalarla sert bir bi\u00e7imde s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00f6yl\u00fcler ise, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zorlu hava ko\u015fuluna ve hastal\u0131\u011fa muazzam bir diren\u00e7 g\u00f6steren, dikey ve bereketli salk\u0131mlar\u0131yla y\u00fcksek verim sunan Gouais Blanc\u2019\u0131 ekmi\u015flerdir. \u0130lgin\u00e7tir, \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn Almanca ismi olan “Heunisch” Hun kavimlerine atfen barbarca anlam\u0131na gelir. Keza, Frans\u0131zca “Gou” s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de kaba\/avam anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz gibi, verilen lakaplar bu s\u0131n\u0131fsal d\u0131\u015flanman\u0131n dilsel kan\u0131tlar\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak tarih, o feodal elitlerin kaba buldu\u011fu bu “barbar” salk\u0131m\u0131n genlerindeki o muazzam \u00fcreme dehas\u0131 sayesinde bug\u00fcnk\u00fc modern \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k imparatorlu\u011funu kurarak en tatl\u0131 intikam\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu DNA analiz metodolojisi ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131 sayesinde eskiden ancak \u2018oldu\u011fu tahmin edilen\u2019 de\u011fi\u015fimlerin art\u0131k g\u00fcvenilir bir bi\u00e7imde kan\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. DNA analizleri su\u00e7 biliminde kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan beri yan\u0131lma paylar\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, haks\u0131z kararlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini hem g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta okudu\u011fumuz haberlerde hem de dizilerde ve filmlerde izliyoruz.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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\"\u00dcz\u00fcm\"<\/figure>\r\n
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DNA analizinin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlardan birisi de \u00fcz\u00fcm d\u00fcnyas\u0131. Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131 DNA esasl\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme yapma yetkinli\u011fine kavu\u015fmadan \u00f6nce asmalar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda yap\u0131lan bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ampelografiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131. Ampelografi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bilim insanlar\u0131 sayesinde Vitis ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan asma ailesinin \u00fcyeleri bulundu. Ampelografi, b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklarla uygulanan bir aland\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc asmalar\u0131n g\u00f6zlem ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 esas\u0131na dayan\u0131yordu ve hata yapma ihtimali y\u00fcksekti. Ama yine de bu alanda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sayesinde bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bilgi birikimine ula\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu. DNA analizleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra, o zamana kadar do\u011fru bilinen kimi saptamalar\u0131n ge\u00e7ersizli\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu uzun bir konu, bir ba\u015fka yaz\u0131y\u0131 yaln\u0131z bu konuya ay\u0131rmak \u00fczere b\u0131rakal\u0131m.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc konumuzun ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan Gouais Blanc \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken yukar\u0131daki giri\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer verdi\u011fimiz Carole Meredith\u2019in ad\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131m. \u00dcz\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn merkezinde Carole Meredith\u2019in UC Davis\u2019te akademisyen olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken Avustralyal\u0131 bir \u00fcreticiden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgiyle Gouais Blanc asmalar\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131 yer al\u0131yordu. Wine Enthusiast dergisindeki haberde be\u015f ku\u015fakt\u0131r \u015farap \u00fcreten bir aile, ba\u011flar\u0131ndan s\u00f6k\u00fcp atmak \u00fczere oldu\u011fu y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k asmalar\u0131n ticari olarak yeti\u015ftirilen son \u00f6rnekler oldu\u011funu fark eder. Bu \u00fcz\u00fcmle ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Meredith\u2019in y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenip ba\u011flant\u0131 kurarlar ve Gouais Blanc yok olman\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Gouais Blanc neden \u00f6nemli?<\/h2>\r\n

\u00dcz\u00fcm\u00fcn Orta \u00c7a\u011f Avrupas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011flar\u0131nda geni\u015f alanlarda yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fine dair bilgilere son d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. DNA ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda 10 \u00fclkeden 20 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131yla olu\u015fan bir ekip yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 \u00fcz\u00fcm cinsinin DNA analizlerini yapm\u0131\u015f. Yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan elde edilen sonu\u00e7lar \u00fcz\u00fcmlerin soy a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bilgilerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f. Bu bilgilerden bir tanesi de yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan Gouais Blanc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019da hayat buldu\u011fu tahmin edilen Gouais Blanc esas\u0131nda verimli bir \u015farapl\u0131k \u00fcz\u00fcm olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u011flardan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f. Yukar\u0131da isim k\u00f6kenindeki a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamaya yer vermi\u015ftik. Ama Gouais Blanc \u00f6yle evlatlar yeti\u015ftirmi\u015f ki ad\u0131n\u0131 ne koyarsan\u0131z koyun, yerinin doldurulmas\u0131 pek olas\u0131 de\u011fil. Anal\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda Chardonnay ve Gamay gibi y\u0131ld\u0131zlar var. Bu listeye Almanlar\u0131n Riesling’i, Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n Chenin Blanc’\u0131, Macarlar\u0131n Furmint’i gibi \u015farap d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zdelerini de ekleyebiliriz. Uzun laf\u0131n k\u0131sas\u0131, \u00e7apk\u0131n anne \u00fcz\u00fcm Gouais Blanc 81 \u00e7e\u015fit \u00fcz\u00fcme anal\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Gouais Blanc \u015farab\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 \u00fcretimi s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Parmakla say\u0131lacak kadar az say\u0131da da olsa, t\u00fcr\u00fcn devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 \u00f6nemseyen ve i\u015f edinen bir avu\u00e7 \u00fcretici var. Ama bilim insanlar\u0131 Gouais Blanc cinsini y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca de\u011fi\u015fen iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131na adapte olmay\u0131 ba\u015farmas\u0131yla da \u00f6nemsiyorlar. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu k\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fimi d\u00f6neminde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecek \u00fcz\u00fcm cinsleri i\u00e7in Gouais Blanc\u2019\u0131n rehberli\u011finin \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyorlar. Yani tanr\u0131lar\u0131n anas\u0131 Kibele rol\u00fcyle belki \u00fcz\u00fcm d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n kazanovas\u0131 yine g\u00f6reve \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lacak.<\/p>\r\n

Gouais Blanc\u2019\u0131n o dikey genetik dehas\u0131, Carole Meredith\u2019in laboratuvarlar\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclen asma soy a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ve \u015farap d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n o s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fsal tarihi ilginizi \u00e7ekiyorsa, blogumuzdaki di\u011fer nitelikli teknik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131za da g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz:<\/p>\r\n