{"id":991110,"date":"2024-07-11T15:40:54","date_gmt":"2024-07-11T12:40:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/?p=991110"},"modified":"2026-07-13T23:29:19","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T20:29:19","slug":"baska-vitis-turleri-sarapcilikta-alternatif-asma-aileleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/en\/baska-vitis-turleri-sarapcilikta-alternatif-asma-aileleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Ba\u015fka Vitis Aileleri de Var: Tan\u0131yal\u0131m m\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"T\u00fcrleri\"<\/figure>\r\n<\/div><\/div>
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\u015earap d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n o asil h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Vitis vinifera’n\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ti\u011fimizde, asman\u0131n di\u011fer diren\u00e7li t\u00fcrleri ve botanik aileleri bizi \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00e7e\u015fitlilikle kar\u015f\u0131lar. \u015earap d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine ad\u0131m atanlar, \u015farap yolculuklar\u0131n\u0131n bir yerinde \u2018vitis vinifera\u2019 ifadesiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar. Vitis vinifera, bizlerin ortak zevki olan \u015farab\u0131 bor\u00e7lu oldu\u011fumuz \u015farapl\u0131k \u00fcz\u00fcm asmas\u0131n\u0131n bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki ad\u0131d\u0131r. Akl\u0131n\u0131za gelen b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015farapl\u0131k \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00e7e\u015fitleri bir \u00e7e\u015fit ailenin binlerce \u00e7e\u015fidinden ibarettir. Bu denli geni\u015f bir portf\u00f6y ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131nca insan ister istemez Vitis vinifera d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00e7e\u015fit olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 akl\u0131na getirmez. Ama ger\u00e7ek \u00f6yle de\u011fildir. Bu yaz\u0131da sizleri \u00e7ok yormadan i\u015fin ger\u00e7e\u011fine birlikte bakmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

A\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kimli\u011fiyle art\u0131k ilk ba\u015fvuru kayna\u011f\u0131m\u0131z olan Wikipedia, vitis ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda kay\u0131tl\u0131 81 aile bulundu\u011funu belirtiyor. Hepsi Kuzey Yar\u0131k\u00fcre’de hayat bulan bu ailelerden bir tanesi bizim bildi\u011fimiz \u015farapl\u0131k \u00fcz\u00fcm, yani \u2018Vitis vinifera\u2019. Ama biz \u015farap severler i\u00e7in bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan Vitis ailelerinden birka\u00e7 tanesine daha yak\u0131ndan bakmak ilgin\u00e7 olabilir. Gelin, Vitis ailelerinden tamam\u0131 Kuzey Amerika k\u00f6kenli olan alt\u0131 tanesine g\u00f6z atal\u0131m.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Vitis Labrusca<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu ailenin \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda ad\u0131 en \u00e7ok \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fcz\u00fcm \u2018Concorde<\/strong>The most prominent grape among the members of this family is called 'Concorde'. If you've spent time in the United States, you've probably seen the grape marmalade they serve in their 'continental breakfast'. When the taste of this marmalade made from Concorde grapes was later adopted by the chewing gum industry, it became the standard taste that comes to mind when grapes are mentioned.\nThe Vitis Labrusca family also has vines that produce white grapes named Antoinette and Cayuga, and red grapes named Catawba and Niagara. There is also a wine of Vitis Labrusca family in WAYANA Wine Menu. The name of the grape is Isabella and the wine is produced by Kerasus Winery.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Vitis labrusca ailesinin ayr\u0131ca Antoinette<\/strong> ve Cayuga<\/strong> adl\u0131 beyaz, Catawba<\/strong> ve Niagara<\/strong> adl\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcm veren asmalar\u0131 da var. WAYANA portf\u00f6y\u00fcnde servis edilen bir \u015farapta Vitis labrusca ailesinin \u0130sabella<\/strong> adl\u0131 bir \u00f6rne\u011finin oldu\u011funu ekleyelim.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Vitis Riparia<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu aile, Avrupa ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunu olan filoksera hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hem sorumlusu hem de kurtar\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015f. 1800\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir heyecanla Amerika\u2019dan Avrupa\u2019ya getirilen asma fidanlar\u0131, beraberlerinde getirdikleri filoksera hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eski k\u0131tadaki ba\u011flar\u0131n neredeyse t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn yok olmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015f. Daha sonra bilim insanlar\u0131 yine ayn\u0131 Vitis riparia asmalar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6k-g\u00f6vde sistemlerine bildi\u011fimiz \u015farapl\u0131k \u00fcz\u00fcm asmalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015flar ve b\u00f6ylelikle Avrupa ba\u011flar\u0131 hayata d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f. Filoksera hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7are bulunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da hat\u0131rlatal\u0131m.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Vitis riparia ailesinin Elvira<\/strong> adl\u0131 beyaz, Bacchus<\/strong>, Baco<\/strong> Noir<\/strong>, Frontenac<\/strong>, Marechal<\/strong> Foch<\/strong>, Triomphe<\/strong> d\u2019Alsace<\/strong> adlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcm veren asmalar\u0131 var.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Vitis Rontundifolia<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Obeziteyle m\u00fccadele a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00f6zel bir asidin do\u011fal ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan bu asma t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, Amerika\u2019n\u0131n obezite oran\u0131 en y\u00fcksek eyaletlerinde yeti\u015fmesi herhalde do\u011fan\u0131n bir ironisi olsa gerektir. Vitis rotundifolia ailesinin kay\u0131tlarda yer alan tek \u00fcyesi Muscadine<\/strong> ad\u0131yla bilinir. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fcz\u00fcm tanelerine k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olan bu azman \u00fcz\u00fcm, yeti\u015fti\u011fi g\u00fcney eyaletlerinde tatl\u0131 \u015farap yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Herhalde obeziteyle m\u00fccadelede etkisinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131n\u0131n sebeplerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda tatl\u0131 \u015faraptaki \u015feker i\u00e7eri\u011fi olsa gerek.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Vitis Aestivalis<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu ailenin vinifera melezi olan Norton<\/strong> A member of this family, called Norton, is widely used in winemaking in America today. Although it was first recorded as Virginia, it is mostly grown in vineyards in Missouri today. Tasting professionals state that Norton wine is highly acidic, low in tannins, and reflects blackberry, chocolate, vanilla and earthy flavors.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Vitis Rupestris<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Kumlu topraklarda \u00e7ok iyi sonu\u00e7 verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u2018Kum \u00dcz\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019<\/strong> ad\u0131yla da tan\u0131nan bu aile, asma hastal\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi diren\u00e7le bilinir. Bu diren\u00e7li kimlikler 1800\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda Frans\u0131z \u015farap d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck heyecan yaratm\u0131\u015f ve yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla Rupestris ve Vinifera ailelerinden melez \u00fcz\u00fcmler elde edilmi\u015f. Ancak Frans\u0131zlar apelasyon sisteminde melez \u00fcz\u00fcm kullan\u0131m\u0131na izin vermeyen bir d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131nca, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fcz\u00fcmlerin kaderi de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The hybrids developed during that period, Chancellor, DeChaunac, Aurore, Vidal Blanc and Vignoles are known for their black-grained grapes and are still grown in the eastern and mid-eastern states of The U.S.A. Chancellor<\/strong>, DeChaunac<\/strong>, Aurore<\/strong>, Vidal<\/strong> Blanc<\/strong> ve Vignoles<\/strong> siyah taneli \u00fcz\u00fcmleriyle tan\u0131n\u0131yor ve h\u00e2len Amerika\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fu ve orta do\u011fu eyaletlerinde yeti\u015ftiriliyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Vitis Mustangensis<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The vines belonging to this family, grown in the southern states of America, produce grapes with many seeds that are not easy to eat and with high acidity where the bitterness of the tannins is prominent. Considering these characteristics, the most well-known example of this family, which gives the impression that wines suitable for aging can be obtained, is known as Mustang. Mustang wines are mentioned in records dating back to the American Civil War. Today, it continues its existence with wines made by Texas enthusiasts from grapes harvested from Mustang vines that are not grown in vineyards but grow naturally in nature.<\/p>\r\n

Bu Vitis ailelerinin d\u00fcnya ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla olan ili\u015fkisine ve Vitis vinifera’dan nas\u0131l lezzet ve i\u00e7erik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fine g\u00f6z atal\u0131m.<\/p>\r\n

Filoksera Kalkan\u0131: Vitis Riparia ve Rupestris\u2019in K\u00f6k Anatomisi<\/p>\r\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Avrupa ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve asil Vitis vinifera varyetelerini yok olman\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine getiren filoksera (phylloxera vastatrix) salg\u0131n\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bulunan kurtulu\u015f re\u00e7etesi, botanik d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en radikal a\u015f\u0131 d\u00e2hili\u011fini do\u011furmu\u015ftur. Kuzey Amerika k\u00f6kenli Vitis riparia ve Vitis rupestris gibi vah\u015fi asma t\u00fcrleri, do\u011fduklar\u0131 co\u011frafyadaki bu k\u00f6k bitkisine kar\u015f\u0131 milyonlarca y\u0131ll\u0131k bir evrimsel ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bu Amerikan t\u00fcrlerinin k\u00f6k kabuklar\u0131, filokseran\u0131n salg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toksik enzimlere kar\u015f\u0131 h\u0131zla mantarla\u015fan kal\u0131n h\u00fccresel duvarlar \u00f6rerek parazitin k\u00f6k derinliklerine s\u0131z\u0131p asmay\u0131 kurutmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00fcnya \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n %95\u2019inden fazlas\u0131, bu diren\u00e7li Vitis t\u00fcrlerinin ana\u00e7 olarak topra\u011fa sal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fczerine asil Vitis vinifera g\u00f6zlerinin a\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu jeobotanik kalkan sayesinde ayakta durmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n

Vitis Labrusca ve Foxy Aromalar\u0131n Kimyasal Anatomisi<\/p>\r\n

Kuzey Amerika’n\u0131n nemli ve so\u011fuk iklimlerine m\u00fckemmel uyum sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f bir di\u011fer \u00fcnl\u00fc Vitis ailesi olan Vitis labrusca (\u00f6zellikle Concord ve Isabella gibi varyetelerle bilinir), enoloji d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda kendine has frapan duyusal profiliyle radikal bir ayr\u0131\u015fma ya\u015far. Labrusca t\u00fcrlerinden \u00fcretilen \u015faraplar, enoloji literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde “foxy” diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan ve tilki kokulu\/yabani olarak tan\u0131mlanan, taze \u00fcz\u00fcm j\u00f6lesi, \u00e7ilek esans\u0131 ve hafif tatl\u0131ms\u0131-parf\u00fcms\u00fc aromatik bile\u015fiklerle karakterize edilir. Bu aromatik imzan\u0131n arkas\u0131nda yatan kimyasal ger\u00e7ek, meyvenin kabu\u011funda ve \u015f\u0131rada yo\u011fun olarak sentezlenen “metil antranilat” adl\u0131 organik ester bile\u015fi\u011fidir. Vitis vinifera’n\u0131n o a\u011f\u0131rba\u015fl\u0131, tanenli ve asitli yap\u0131s\u0131na al\u0131\u015fk\u0131n olan klasik Avrupa dama\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu foxy karakter s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir yabanc\u0131l\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131sa da, Vitis labrusca ailesi nemli teruarlardaki y\u00fcksek mantar direnci ve dikey adaptasyon yetene\u011fiyle botanik enolojinin en renkli alternatif kalelerinden biridir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Final Word<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u015earab\u0131n Kafkasya topraklar\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilen binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k yolculu\u011funun temelinde, asmalar\u0131n evcille\u015ftirilmesi yatar. Neolitik d\u00f6nemle birlikte yerle\u015fik ya\u015fam\u0131n giderek yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, insan\u0131n kendi ya\u015fam alan\u0131na yak\u0131n yerlerde yerle\u015fik tar\u0131m yapma e\u011filimini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmi\u015f. Temel g\u0131da maddeleri olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z tah\u0131llar\u0131n, meyvelerin ve \u00e7iftlik hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n evcille\u015fmesi bu d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f. Yabani asman\u0131n, Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 da i\u00e7ine alan bu geni\u015f co\u011frafyada zengin bir \u00e7e\u015fitlilikle bulunmas\u0131, Vitis vinifera\u2019n\u0131n bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n merkezinde yer almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f. Bu ailenin \u00fcyeleri binlerce y\u0131l s\u00fcren seleksiyon ve iyile\u015ftirmelerle bug\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc konumlar\u0131n\u0131 elde etmi\u015fler. Bunun sonucu olarak di\u011fer \u00fcz\u00fcm aileleriyle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, bu konularla bilimsel olarak ilgilenen akademik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fcyeleri ve birka\u00e7 \u015farap merakl\u0131s\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir grupla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015f ve benzer geli\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan mahrum kalm\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn entelekt\u00fcel k\u00fclt\u00fcr anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n ayn\u0131 zamanda zenginlik oldu\u011funun kabul edildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bug\u00fcne kadar g\u00f6lgede kalm\u0131\u015f asma ailelerinin de bu zenginli\u011fin par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir ger\u00e7ek. \u015earap d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki maceraperest \u00fcreticilerin bu \u00f6rneklerden yapacaklar\u0131 \u015faraplarla gelecekte kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 \u00fcmit ediyoruz.<\/p>\r\n

Klasik Vitis vinifera’n\u0131n o asil s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan alternatif Vitis t\u00fcrleri, filokseraya ge\u00e7it vermeyen o diren\u00e7li Amerikan ana\u00e7lar\u0131 ve botanik enoloji d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ilginizi \u00e7ekiyorsa, blogumuzdaki di\u011fer nitelikli teknik ve jeolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131za da g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz:<\/p>\r\n