{"id":991142,"date":"2024-07-28T03:55:16","date_gmt":"2024-07-28T00:55:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/?p=991142"},"modified":"2026-07-14T13:27:08","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T10:27:08","slug":"dinozorlar-ve-asmalar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/en\/dinozorlar-ve-asmalar\/","title":{"rendered":"Dinozorlar ve Asmalar"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Kadehlerimize s\u00fcz\u00fclen o fermente s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kenlerini ararken, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za asma ailesinin milyonlarca y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine, dinozorlar\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131na uzanan evrimsel \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015faraplar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 veren \u00fcz\u00fcmlerin d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki ge\u00e7mi\u015fleri, insan t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle k\u0131yaslanamayacak kadar geriye uzan\u0131r. Fosille\u015fmi\u015f \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00e7ekirdeklerinin izini s\u00fcren bilim insanlar\u0131 Hindistan kaz\u0131lar\u0131nda dinozorlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neme kadar uzanan \u00f6rnekleri bulmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flar. Yani yakla\u015f\u0131k 67 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce d\u00fcnyada asmalar\u0131n var oldu\u011funu biliyoruz.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Temmuz ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerinde yay\u0131nlanan bir makale, Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131nda bug\u00fcne kadar ele ge\u00e7irilen en eski \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00e7ekirde\u011fini kamuoyuna duyurdu. Bulunan \u00e7ekirde\u011fin ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 60 milyon y\u0131l oldu\u011fu ve bu \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc veren asman\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgede o d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olsa da sonradan ortadan kayboldu\u011fu da verilen bilgiler aras\u0131nda. Bu bilgileri yorumlayan akademisyenler hepimizi heyecanland\u0131ran bir hipotezle kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za geldiler.<\/p>\r\n

\u00d6nce konuya ili\u015fkin k\u0131sa ama yo\u011fun bir bilimsel \u00e7er\u00e7eve \u00e7izelim.<\/p>\r\n

Kretase Ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n Kanopisi ve Dinozorlar\u0131n Ekosistem Rol\u00fc<\/h2>\r\n

Asma familyas\u0131n\u0131n (*Vitaceae*) yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki ger\u00e7ek evrimsel patlamas\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k 66 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce dinozorlar\u0131n ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 o b\u00fcy\u00fck Kretase-Paleojen (K-Pg) kitlesel yok olu\u015f senaryosuyla do\u011frudan g\u00f6bekten ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Dinozorlar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Mezozoik D\u00f6nem ormanlar\u0131nda, devasa otobur sauropodlar ve her \u015feyi ezen b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00fcr\u00fcngenler, orman \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc (kanopiyi) s\u00fcrekli a\u00e7\u0131k tutuyor, a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n dikey b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yor ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kelimenin tam anlam\u0131yla mekanik olarak buduyordu. Bu agresif ekosistem i\u00e7erisinde, t\u0131rman\u0131c\u0131 birer sarma\u015f\u0131k karakterine sahip olan ilkel asma t\u00fcrleri, kendilerini yukar\u0131ya ta\u015f\u0131yacak s\u0131k orman kanopileri bulamad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6lgede kal\u0131yor ve dar alanlara s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. B\u00fcy\u00fck asteroit \u00e7arpmas\u0131yla dinozorlar sahneden \u00e7ekildi\u011fi an, ormanlar as\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde ilk kez dikey olarak kontrols\u00fczce b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ve s\u0131kla\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu durum, asman\u0131n a\u011fa\u00e7 g\u00f6vdelerine tutunarak g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne, yani \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa t\u0131rmanma yetene\u011fini (s\u00fcl\u00fck mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131) kusursuz bir evrimsel avantaja d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc ve asma ailesinin k\u00fcresel yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tetikledi.<\/p>\r\n

Paleobotanik Kan\u0131tlar: Hindistan ve Kolombiya\u2019daki Fosil \u00c7ekirdek Kay\u0131tlar\u0131<\/h2>\r\n

Asman\u0131n dinozorlar sonras\u0131 d\u00fcnyada ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu b\u00fcy\u00fck ye\u015fil fethi, sadece teorik birer biyoloji varsay\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fil, rasyonel paleobotanik kaz\u0131lar\u0131n ortaya koydu\u011fu fosil kay\u0131tlar\u0131yla sabittir. Son y\u0131llarda Kolombiya\u2019daki ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131nda ve Hindistan\u2019\u0131n Dekkan Tuzaklar\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen paleobotanik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, dinozorlar\u0131n yok olu\u015fundan hemen sonraki jeolojik katmanlarda milyonlarca y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine ait ta\u015fla\u015fm\u0131\u015f asma \u00e7ekirdekleri (fosil tohumlar) bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu fosil tohumlar\u0131n mikroskop alt\u0131ndaki h\u00fccresel anatomileri, modern *Vitis* t\u00fcrlerinin atasal formlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcr\u00fcst\u00e7e sergilemektedir. Dinozorlar\u0131n yok olu\u015fu memelilerin ve ku\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7arken, bu yeni canl\u0131lar asman\u0131n o besleyici, sulu meyvelerini yiyerek tohumlar\u0131 uzak co\u011frafyalara ta\u015f\u0131yan en hayati lojistik partnerler haline gelmi\u015ftir. Kadehlerimize s\u00fcz\u00fclen \u015farap, asl\u0131nda dinozorlar\u0131n vedas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan devasa bir evrimsel ekoloji miras\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fayan en taze s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

D\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015findeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck yok olu\u015fun yakla\u015f\u0131k 60 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce D\u00fcnya’ya bir asteroidin \u00e7arpmas\u0131yla ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu art\u0131k bilim \u00e7evrelerince do\u011fru kabul ediliyor. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck felaket sonras\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karanl\u0131k d\u00f6nem bitki ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 neredeyse ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131nca, milyonlarca y\u0131l gezegene h\u00e2kim olan dinozorlar\u0131n da sonu geliyor. Ama her d\u00f6nemin bir sonu oldu\u011fu gibi, karanl\u0131k d\u00f6nemin de sonu geliyor ve d\u00fcnya tekrar ye\u015fermeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn bu yeniden canland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde yeni tropik ormanlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bilim insanlar\u0131 dinozorlar taraf\u0131ndan tahrip edilmeyen a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n sarma\u015f\u0131k asmalar\u0131n\u0131n yeti\u015fmesi i\u00e7in bir f\u0131rsat yaratm\u0131\u015f olabileceklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar. \u00a0Dinozor t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar evrilerek gelebilen \u00f6rne\u011fi olan ku\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7ekirdeklerin farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131nda kritik rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun i\u00e7in \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyaya asmalar\u0131n yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Yani her zaman oldu\u011fu gibi kiminin felaketi bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n saadeti oluyor. Yok olarak tarih sahnesinden silinen dinozorlardan bo\u015falan yerlerde a\u011fa\u00e7lar ve onlara sar\u0131larak b\u00fcy\u00fcyen sarma\u015f\u0131k asmalar hayat buluyor. \u0130lerleyen milyonlarca y\u0131l boyunca serpilerek evrilen memelilerin i\u00e7inden bizim atalar\u0131m\u0131z olan Homo grubu ya\u015fama f\u0131rsat\u0131 elde ediyor. Sonradan Homo sapiens ad\u0131 verilen t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz, sahip oldu\u011fu temel becerileri geli\u015ftirerek d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yor ve asman\u0131n meyvesi \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc i\u015flemenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 bulup bizleri \u015farapla bulu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Fabiany Herrera and Monica Carvalho have given us new excitement with the fossilized grape seeds they found in the Western Hemisphere. Since we don\u2019t know what other secrets the world has yet to share with us, this is the latest excitement for now. Tomorrow, we may talk about completely different things with new findings that emerge. But isn\u2019t that what science is all about? The most reliable information for now, until we find something more reliable.<\/p>\r\n

Asman\u0131n dinozorlar\u0131n vedas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan o milyonlarca y\u0131ll\u0131k muazzam evrimsel yolculu\u011fu, paleobotanik fosil \u00e7ekirdek kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve teruar tarihi ilginizi \u00e7ekiyorsa, blogumuzdaki di\u011fer nitelikli teknik ve botanik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131za da g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz:<\/p>\r\n