{"id":994324,"date":"2026-07-29T16:05:34","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T13:05:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/?p=994324"},"modified":"2026-07-29T21:08:43","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T18:08:43","slug":"tarih-diyarbakiri-isaret-ederken-kortik-tepe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/en\/tarih-diyarbakiri-isaret-ederken-kortik-tepe\/","title":{"rendered":"Tarih Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131 \u0130\u015faret Ederken Biz Neyi Bekliyoruz?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

G\u00fcrcistan M\u00d6 6000 ile \u201c\u015earab\u0131n Be\u015fi\u011fi\u201d oldu. Diyarbak\u0131r K\u00f6rtik Tepe ise M\u00d6 9300’de sessizli\u011fe g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/h2>\n

Do\u011frusunu isterseniz, \u201cen\u201d ile ba\u015flayan uluslararas\u0131 yar\u0131\u015flar\u0131n anlaml\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131na inananlardan de\u011filim. En eski ekme\u011fin, en eski tekerle\u011fin bir \u00fclkede bulunmas\u0131 heyecan verici bir \u015fey elbette. Neticede, o buluntu kazan\u0131lan bir de\u011ferden \u00e7ok ge\u00e7mi\u015fin o \u00fclkeye sundu\u011fu bir arma\u011fan. Ama i\u00e7selle\u015ftirilmemi\u015f, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulamam\u0131\u015f olan en eskiler hi\u00e7bir zaman parlayan bir hazine haline gelemiyor.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki K\u00f6rtik Tepe buna \u00e7ok iyi bir \u00f6rnek. Yap\u0131lan laboratuvar analizlerine g\u00f6re K\u00f6rtik Tepe kaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan elde edilen ve “ye\u015fil ta\u015f” olarak da bilinen klorit kaplarda \u00fcz\u00fcm suyu veya \u015farap bulundu\u011funu kan\u0131tlayan tartarik asit kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 var. K\u00f6rtik Tepe\u2019deki yerle\u015fim g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 11.300 y\u0131l \u00f6nceye uzan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Kom\u015fumuz G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n Gadachrili Gora arkeolojik alan\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan toprak kaplarda da tartarik asit bulundu. Bu b\u00f6lgedeki yerle\u015fim ise g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden yakla\u015f\u0131k 8000 y\u0131l \u00f6nceye uzan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Kom\u015fumuz 8000 y\u0131l \u00f6nceki \u015farap kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na d\u00f6rt elle sar\u0131ld\u0131. Turizm politikas\u0131n\u0131n merkezine \u015farap turizmini yerle\u015ftirdi. Kendisine de bir unvan verdi: \u015earab\u0131n Be\u015fi\u011fi.<\/p>\n

Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Bismil il\u00e7esi yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki K\u00f6rtik Tepe\u2019de ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n zaman\u0131nda, daha toprak kaplara \u015fekil verilip f\u0131r\u0131nlanmas\u0131 bile hen\u00fcz ke\u015ffedilmemi\u015fti. Onun i\u00e7in kaplar ta\u015ftan oyularak yap\u0131labiliyordu.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer temel aritmetik i\u015flemlerde bir hata yapm\u0131yorsak, K\u00f6rtik Tepe\u2019de \u015farab\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019dan 3.300 y\u0131l daha eski. Peki, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131 \u201c\u015earab\u0131n Be\u015fi\u011fi\u201d yap\u0131p T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi yok sayan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini sizce nerede aramal\u0131y\u0131z?<\/p>\n

Herhalde \u00fclkemizin k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve turizm politikas\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

\"K\u00f6rtik<\/h2>\n

\u00d6nce K\u00f6rtik Tepe\u2019ye yak\u0131ndan bakal\u0131m<\/h2>\n

K\u00f6rtik Tepe, Diyarbak\u0131r ili Bismil il\u00e7esine ba\u011fl\u0131 A\u011f\u0131l k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131 mevkiinde, Dicle Nehri ile Batman \u00c7ay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kesi\u015fti\u011fi noktan\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk kez 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cDicle-F\u0131rat Arkeolojik Y\u00fczey Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 Projesi\u201d esnas\u0131nda belgelenmi\u015f. \u0130zleyen y\u0131llarda Il\u0131su Baraj\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcndeme gelmesiyle su alt\u0131nda kalaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurtarma kaz\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6rtik Tepe\u2019nin ana yerle\u015fim evresi, arkeoloji biliminin \u201c\u00c7anak \u00c7\u00f6mleksiz Neolitik D\u00f6nem\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, hen\u00fcz killi topra\u011f\u0131n ve seramik kaplar\u0131n ke\u015ffedilmedi\u011fi d\u00f6nem. Buluntular \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan C14 (radyokarbon) analizleri yerle\u015fimdeki ya\u015fam\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 11.300 y\u0131l \u00f6nceye uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015f. K\u00f6rtik Tepe\u2019den g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan en \u00f6nemli buluntular ise klorit olarak bilinen ye\u015fil ta\u015f ve mermerimsi ta\u015flardan oyularak yap\u0131lan kaplar.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte K\u00f6rtik Tepe\u2019yi bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n konusu yapan da bu kaplar \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan laboratuvar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda tartarik asite rastlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tartarik asit bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131 ne?<\/h2>\n

Tartarik asit do\u011fada en \u00e7ok bilimsel ad\u0131 Vitis vinifera<\/em> olan asman\u0131n meyvesi \u00fcz\u00fcmde bulunuyor. Arkeoloji biliminin laboratuvarlar\u0131 yo\u011fun \u015fekilde kullanmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131yla birlikte, buluntular\u0131n i\u00e7inde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n analizleri sayesinde kaplarda zaman\u0131nda neyin bulundu\u011funu art\u0131k anlayabiliyoruz. Tartarik asidin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kaplarda \u00fcz\u00fcmden elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin muhafaza edildi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. \u00dcz\u00fcm suyunun kendi halinde birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn kalmas\u0131 do\u011fal fermantasyonun ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in zaten yeterli. Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131 tartarik asit bulgusunu \u015farap ge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle ili\u015fki kurmak i\u00e7in yeterli kabul ediyor.<\/p>\n

\"K\u00f6rtik<\/h2>\n

Bundan 11.300 y\u0131l \u00f6nce neler oldu?<\/h2>\n

M\u00d6 10. bin y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131, insanl\u0131k tarihi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131yd\u0131. Buzul \u00c7a\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n sona ermesiyle birlikte, Toroslar ve Zagros Da\u011flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki O-bi\u00e7imli verimli havza\u2014yani Bereketli Hilal\u2014insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck denemelerine sahne oldu.<\/p>\n

Hen\u00fcz bildi\u011fimiz anlamda tar\u0131m ba\u015flamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131; ancak insan topluluklar\u0131 yabani tah\u0131llar\u0131 ve do\u011fada bolca bulunan yabani asmay\u0131 tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f, toplam\u0131\u015f ve i\u015flemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Asman\u0131n evcille\u015ftirilmesi ve insano\u011flunun \u00fcz\u00fcmle olan bu ilk stratejik temas\u0131, neolitik devrimin en heyecan verici sayfalar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n

(Asman\u0131n evcille\u015fme ser\u00fcveni ve Bereketli Hilal\u2019in bu s\u00fcre\u00e7teki benzersiz rol\u00fc hakk\u0131nda kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z detayl\u0131 incelemeye<\/em> \u015earab\u0131n Do\u011fdu\u011fu Yer: Bereketli Hilal ve \u015earap Tarihi<\/a><\/strong><\/span> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 blog yaz\u0131m\u0131zdan ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/em>)<\/p>\n

G\u00fcrcistan ne yapt\u0131?<\/h2>\n

Asl\u0131nda kom\u015fumuz G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fey bir pazarlama mucizesi de\u011fil; sahip oldu\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131 i\u00e7selle\u015ftirip d\u00f6rt elle sar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ve bunu do\u011fru okumas\u0131n\u0131n stratejik bir sonucuydu.<\/p>\n

Tiflis\u2019in yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 kilometre g\u00fcneyindeki Gadachrili Gora<\/em> ve Shulaveris Gora<\/em> arkeolojik alanlar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen kaz\u0131larda, M\u00d6 6000 y\u0131llar\u0131na (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden yakla\u015f\u0131k 8.000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine) tarihlenen killi \u00e7\u00f6mlek par\u00e7alar\u0131 bulundu. \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan bu par\u00e7alar\u0131 biyomolek\u00fcler arkeoloji d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinden Prof. Patrick McGovern<\/strong><\/span><\/a> ve ekibi, bu pi\u015fmi\u015f toprak kaplar\u0131n g\u00f6zeneklerinde yapt\u0131klar\u0131 kimyasal analizlerde tartarik asit <\/strong>kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 tespit etti.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcrcistan bu bilimsel tespiti makalelerde b\u0131rak\u0131p unutulmaya terk etmedi. Ak\u0131ll\u0131ca kurgulanm\u0131\u015f bir ileti\u015fim ve turizm stratejisiyle \u015fu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 att\u0131:<\/p>\n