{"id":994684,"date":"2026-09-27T11:39:54","date_gmt":"2026-09-27T08:39:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/?p=994684"},"modified":"2026-09-27T11:48:02","modified_gmt":"2026-09-27T08:48:02","slug":"mayinli-kavramlar-3-sarap-terimleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/en\/mayinli-kavramlar-3-sarap-terimleri\/","title":{"rendered":"May\u0131nl\u0131 Kavramlar 3: \u015earap Terimleri ve Do\u011fru Kavram\u0131 Do\u011fru Yerde Kullanmak"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ileti\u015fimin temel ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan biri, taraflar\u0131n kavramlar\u0131 ve terimleri ayn\u0131 anlamda kullanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu yaz\u0131y\u0131 sosyal medyada duyururken verdi\u011fimiz \u00f6rnek ne demek istedi\u011fimizi g\u00fczel anlat\u0131yor. \u201c\u00c7elik\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda asman\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bir y\u00f6ntemdeki \u00e7ubu\u011fu anlat\u0131rken Ere\u011fli Demir \u00c7elik Fabrikas\u0131\u2019nda \u00fcretilen bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131. E\u011fer hen\u00fcz bakmad\u0131ysan\u0131z yaz\u0131 dizimizin ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne<\/strong><\/span><\/a> ve ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne<\/span><\/strong><\/a> de g\u00f6z atman\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6neririz. \u015eimdi ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k ve \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kavramlar ve \u015farap terimleri aras\u0131nda yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gezintiyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrelim.<\/p>\n

Monosepaj, Kupaj ve Harman: \u201c\u015earap terimleri bizim i\u015fimiz\u201d mesaj\u0131 m\u0131?<\/h2>\n

Monosepaj:<\/h3>\n

T\u00fcrk \u015farap d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda monosepaj olarak kabul g\u00f6ren s\u00f6zc\u00fck tek \u00e7e\u015fit \u00fcz\u00fcmden yap\u0131lan \u015faraplar\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Fakat Frans\u0131zca c\u00e9page<\/em> kelimesinin \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00e7e\u015fidi oldu\u011funu bilmeyen bizler i\u00e7in tek ba\u015f\u0131na kullan\u0131lan \u00f6zel bir terim muamelesi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Kupaj (Coupage<\/em>) ve Harman:<\/h3>\n

Tahmin edece\u011finiz gibi yine Frans\u0131zcadan dilimize transfer edilen kupaj s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc asl\u0131nda teknik bir terimdir ve Frans\u0131zlarda bizdeki gibi bir kullan\u0131m\u0131 yoktur. Kupaj farkl\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00e7e\u015fitlerinin, farkl\u0131 parsellerin ve hatta bazen farkl\u0131 rekoltelerin birbiriyle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak dengeli, katmanl\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r ve bunun i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk\u00e7e harika bir s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz vard\u0131r: harman<\/strong>. Frans\u0131zlar harman kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201cassemblage\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131rlar. Coupage s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ise \u015faraphanenin duvarlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kendisine yer bulur.<\/p>\n

Klon ve \u00c7e\u015fit: Do\u011fan\u0131n Mikro \u0130mzalar\u0131<\/h2>\n

Asmalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131nda tohum de\u011fil, se\u00e7ilmi\u015f asmadan kesilen ve \u00e7elik ad\u0131 verilen dallar kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bir asmadan al\u0131nan \u00e7elik, genetik olarak al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 asman\u0131n genetik kopyas\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak asma, y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k yolculu\u011funda g\u00fcne\u015ften, topraktan ve d\u0131\u015f etkenlerden etkilenerek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck genetik mutasyonlar ge\u00e7irir ve di\u011fer asma karde\u015flerinden farkl\u0131la\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Pinot Noir veya Kalecikkaras\u0131 gibi ayn\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcm i\u00e7inde salk\u0131m irili\u011fi, kabuk kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, olgunla\u015fma zaman\u0131 veya renk maddesi yo\u011funlu\u011fu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131la\u015fan bu tiplere klon<\/strong> denir. Klon yeni bir \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00e7e\u015fidi de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 ailenin ufak karakteristik n\u00fcanslar ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00f6z karde\u015fleridir. Bu klonlar aras\u0131ndan en iyi \u00f6zelliklere sahip olanlar se\u00e7ilerek \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\u015farap<\/h2>\n

Filokseras\u0131z, A\u015f\u0131s\u0131z ve Kendi K\u00f6k\u00fc \u00dczerinde (Franc de Pied<\/em>)<\/h2>\n

1800\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131nda Amerika’dan Avrupa’ya beklenmedik bir misafir geldi. Literat\u00fcrde Phylloxera vastatrix <\/em>ad\u0131yla bilinen bu asma biti, Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse t\u00fcm asmalar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6klerinden kemirerek kuruttu. Filokserayla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kamayan uzmanlar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc, zararl\u0131ya ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan Amerikan asma k\u00f6klerinin \u00fczerine Avrupa Vitis vinifera<\/em> \u00e7e\u015fitlerini a\u015f\u0131lamakta buldu.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyadaki ba\u011flar\u0131n ezici \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Amerikan asma anac\u0131 \u00fczerine a\u015f\u0131l\u0131. Ancak filoksera b\u00f6ce\u011finin ya\u015fayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 toprak t\u00fcrleri var: \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek kumlu topraklar ya da ge\u00e7irimsiz volkanik t\u00fcfler. Bu topraklarda ya\u015fayan asmalar kendi k\u00f6kleri \u00fczerinde do\u011frudan topra\u011fa tutunurlar ve onlara franc de pied<\/em> ad\u0131 verilir. \u201cFranc de pied\u201d deyi\u015fini ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k literat\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc hesaba katmadan dilimize \u201ckendi ayaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde duran\u201d olarak \u00e7evirebiliriz. Ho\u015f bir deyi\u015f, de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n

Yerli Maya, Do\u011fal Maya ve Spontan Fermantasyon<\/h2>\n

\u00dcz\u00fcm \u015f\u0131ras\u0131ndaki \u015fekeri alkole d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren mucizevi canl\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck dilimizde mayad\u0131r. Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaysa onu Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/em> olarak biliriz. Ama maya deyince tek bir \u00e7e\u015fitten mi s\u00f6z ediyoruz? \u00d6yle de\u011fil. K\u0131saca \u00f6zetleyelim.<\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr Mayas\u0131 (End\u00fcstriyel Maya):<\/h3>\n

Laboratuvar ortam\u0131nda izole edilmi\u015f, belirli aromalar\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan, fermantasyonun durma riskini ortadan kald\u0131ran ticari paket mayalard\u0131r. \u015earap sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan maya \u00e7e\u015fididir.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fal \/ Vah\u015fi Maya:<\/h3>\n

\u00dcz\u00fcm tanelerinin kabu\u011funun hemen \u00fcst\u00fcndeki pus tabakas\u0131nda, ba\u011f\u0131n havas\u0131nda ve yapraklar\u0131nda do\u011fal olarak ya\u015fayan tek h\u00fccreli canl\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yerli (Resident \/ Mahzen) Maya:<\/h3>\n

Mayalar \u015farap \u00fcretim tesislerinin duvarlar\u0131na, f\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na, presine yerle\u015fir ve o mek\u00e2n\u0131n adeta ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olurlar.<\/p>\n

Spontan (Kendili\u011finden) Fermantasyon:<\/h3>\n

D\u0131\u015far\u0131dan hi\u00e7bir end\u00fcstriyel maya eklemeden, ba\u011fdan gelen vah\u015fi mayalar\u0131n ve \u015faraphanenin i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan yerli mayalar\u0131n fermantasyonu yapmas\u0131na \u201cspontan fermantasyon\u201d denir. Bu \u00fcretim felsefesi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6zellikle ‘nat\u00fcrel \u015farap’ yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en temel dire\u011fini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

\"\u015farap<\/h2>\n

Mineralite: Kayalardan kadehe?<\/h2>\n

\u015earap tad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131lan “Burunda ve damakta \u0131slak \u00e7ak\u0131l ta\u015f\u0131, tebe\u015fir, \u00e7akmak ta\u015f\u0131 ve mineralite…”\u00a0 <\/em>yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 mutlaka sizin de kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131za gelmi\u015ftir. \u015earab\u0131n kendini konumland\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131, biraz da elitizm kokan pozisyonda ger\u00e7eklerin romantizmle de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmaz. Mineralite de b\u00f6yle bir kavramd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Uzun y\u0131llar boyunca asman\u0131n k\u00f6kleriyle topraktaki mineralleri emdi\u011fi ve bu kaya\u00e7 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn suyuna aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 genel kabul g\u00f6ren bir yakla\u015f\u0131m oldu. Ama modern asma fizyolojisi bunu kesin bir dille \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc: Bir asma kayalar\u0131 eritip kadehe ta\u015f\u0131yamaz.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bilimsel bilgiler, ba\u011fdaki kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n asma taraf\u0131ndan emilip do\u011frudan kadehte \u2018mineral\u2019 tatlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini desteklemiyor. Ancak mineralite diye tarif etti\u011fimiz duyusal izlenimin kimyasal k\u00f6kenleri h\u00e2l\u00e2 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil. Organik asitler, k\u00fck\u00fcrtl\u00fc bile\u015fikler, iyonlar ve ba\u015fka bile\u015fenlerin birlikte rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ama ne oldu\u011funu hen\u00fcz tam olarak bilemesek bile dama\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkinin tad\u0131na doyum olmuyor. \u0130nanmad\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131? Bir yudum Emir \u015farab\u0131 tad\u0131n da g\u00f6r\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Rezerv (Reserve): Kalite Belgesi mi, Pazarlama Takti\u011fi mi?<\/h2>\n

Etikette g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz “Reserve”<\/em> kelimesi o \u015farab\u0131 zihnimizde yukar\u0131lara ta\u015f\u0131r. Peki bunun bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 var m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Cevap, \u015farab\u0131n hangi co\u011frafyada i\u015flendi\u011fine g\u00f6re dramatik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Eski D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n Kat\u0131 Kurallar\u0131:<\/h3>\n

\u0130spanya\u2019da Reserva <\/em>ve Gran Reserva<\/em>, \u0130talya\u2019da Riserva<\/em>\u00a0 ifadesini etikete koyabilmek i\u00e7in \u015farab\u0131n kanunla belirlenmi\u015f minimum f\u0131\u00e7\u0131 ve \u015fi\u015fe olgunla\u015fma s\u00fcrelerini (bazen 3 ila 5 y\u0131l) eksiksiz tamamlamas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Denetlenir, m\u00fch\u00fcrlenir.<\/p>\n

Yeni D\u00fcnya ve Serbest Co\u011frafyalar:<\/h3>\n

Amerika, \u015eili, Avustralya gibi \u00fclkelerin \u00e7o\u011funda “Reserve” teriminin yasal, objektif veya denetime tabi bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yok. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de \u201cReserve\/Rezerv\u201d ifadesinin \u015faraplar i\u00e7in mevzuatta tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zel bir kategorisi ve bu ifadeyi kullanabilmek i\u00e7in belirlenmi\u015f asgari bir f\u0131\u00e7\u0131 veya \u015fi\u015fe olgunla\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcresi bulunmuyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla etiketteki \u201cReserve\u201d ifadesi, tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u015farab\u0131n belirli bir yasal kalite veya olgunla\u015ft\u0131rma standard\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermiyor. Bir \u00fcretici bu ifadeyi ger\u00e7ekten en iyi f\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan se\u00e7ti\u011fi, daha uzun s\u00fcre olgunla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel bir \u015farap i\u00e7in kullanabilir; ancak \u201cReserve\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kendisi t\u00fcketiciye bunun g\u00fcvencesini vermiyor. Yani terimin anlam\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00fcreticinin kendi standard\u0131na ve itibar\u0131na dayan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u015earap, \u015farap terimleri \u00fczerinden kendisi i\u00e7in dil yaratmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f<\/h2>\n

\u015earap kendi etraf\u0131nda bir dil yaratmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f. Bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131k gibi g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu yan\u0131yla, \u201c\u00f6\u011frenilmesi gereken\u201d bir stat\u00fc i\u00e7ece\u011fi olarak konumlanm\u0131\u015f. Ancak sekt\u00f6r, k\u00fcresel t\u00fcketimde ya\u015fanan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc de\u011ferlendirirken \u015farab\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc say\u0131lan bu stat\u00fc sembol\u00fcn\u00fcn, ayn\u0131 zamanda gerilemenin nedenlerinden biri olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \u015earab\u0131n bir dili var; peki bu dil art\u0131k \u015farab\u0131 geni\u015f kitlelerden uzakla\u015ft\u0131ran bir engele mi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor?<\/p>\n

Bizim duru\u015fumuz ve bu yaz\u0131 dizisinin amac\u0131 ba\u015ftan beri ayn\u0131y: Kavramlar\u0131 do\u011fru kullanal\u0131m, terimleri yerli yerine koyal\u0131m. Ama \u015farab\u0131 anlatabilmek i\u00e7in \u015farab\u0131n etraf\u0131na \u00f6r\u00fclen g\u00f6steri\u015fli ve yapay dilin tutsa\u011f\u0131 da olmayal\u0131m. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc iyi bir dil, bildi\u011fimizi g\u00f6stermenin de\u011fil; birbirimizi anlaman\u0131n arac\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u015earap d\u00fcnyas\u0131 kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir dil yaratt\u0131. Monosepaj, kupaj, klon, franc de pied, spontan fermantasyon, mineralite ve rezerv gibi s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan kavramlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte ne anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131yor; do\u011fru kavram\u0131 do\u011fru yerde kullanman\u0131n neden \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":994686,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[275],"tags":[211,1958,1957,1959,309,1956,240,1506],"class_list":["post-994684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sarap-terminolojisi","tag-bagcilik","tag-mineralite","tag-monosepaj--kupaj","tag-rezerv","tag-sarap-kulturu","tag-sarap-terimleri--sarap-sozlugu","tag-sarapcilik","tag-spontan-fermantasyon"],"yoast_head":"\nMay\u0131nl\u0131 Kavramlar 3: \u015earap Terimleri ve Do\u011fru Kavram\u0131 Do\u011fru Yerde Kullanmak - Wayana Wine Bar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Monosepaj, kupaj, klon, franc de pied, spontan fermantasyon, mineralite ve rezerv ne demek? 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