{"id":990301,"date":"2023-06-10T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-10T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/?p=990301"},"modified":"2026-09-30T15:45:18","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T12:45:18","slug":"muselles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/muselles\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fcselles"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

M\u00fcselles: Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Haram Olmayan \u015earap \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h2>\n

WAYANA, \u0130stanbul Kad\u0131k\u00f6y\u2019deki \u015farap evimiz. WAYANA \u015earap Men\u00fcs\u00fc’nde T\u00fcrk \u015faraplar\u0131n\u0131n en geni\u015f yelpazesine yer veriyoruz. Ayr\u0131ca \u015farap k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn daha geni\u015f kitlelerle bulu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli \u015farap tad\u0131m\u0131 etkinlikleri d\u00fczenliyoruz ve web sitemizdeki bloglarla da \u015farap konusuyla ili\u015fkili her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bilgiyi okurlarla payla\u015f\u0131yoruz. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemi kay\u0131tlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer alan ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ahalinin de t\u00fcketebilece\u011fi bir i\u00e7ecek olarak m\u00fcsellesi kaynaklara dayanarak sizlere tan\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Umar\u0131z s\u0131k\u0131lmadan okuyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir i\u00e7erik haz\u0131rlayabilmi\u015fizdir.<\/p>\n

Yavuz Sultan Selim\u2019den ba\u015flayarak Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 zamanda halife s\u0131fat\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tarih kitaplar\u0131ndan hepimiz hat\u0131rlar\u0131z. Bu nedenle Osmanl\u0131 Devleti dini hukukun h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imine sahip olmu\u015ftur. Bu hukuk d\u00fczeni i\u00e7inde \u201chamr\u201d, yani sarho\u015fluk etkisi yaratan i\u00e7eceklerin kanunen yasak olmas\u0131, i\u00e7enlerin de cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri de yer al\u0131r. Ancak Osmanl\u0131, bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle ilgili baz\u0131 istisnalar yaratm\u0131\u015f ve de\u011ferlendirmelerini bu istisnalara g\u00f6re yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u0131saca hat\u0131rlatmak gerekirse, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti \u0130slamiyet\u2019in Hanefi mezhebini benimsemi\u015ftir. \u0130slam dininin \u015farab\u0131 yasaklama nedeni, \u2018i\u00e7kinin insanlar\u0131 Allah\u2019\u0131 anmaktan al\u0131koymas\u0131, insanlar aras\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa sebep olmas\u0131 ve insanlar\u0131n birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 kin ve nefret duymas\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. Di\u011fer \u0130slam mezheplerinden farkl\u0131 olarak Hanefi mezhebi \u015farab\u0131n i\u00e7ilmesinin su\u00e7 unsuru oldu\u011funu kabul etmekle beraber sarho\u015fluk vermeyen miktar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ilmesini cezaland\u0131rmaz. Bu konudaki daha geni\u015f a\u00e7\u0131klamalar i\u00e7in yaz\u0131n\u0131n sonunda yer alan akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 okuman\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6neririz.<\/p>\n

\u015earab\u0131n kendisini i\u00e7menin cezaland\u0131rma olmasa bile su\u00e7 oldu\u011fu bilindi\u011fi i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131, bu tarifin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u015farap alternatifinin su\u00e7u ortadan kald\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark etmi\u015f ve m\u00fcselles bu ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak amac\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in de \u015farab\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinin kaynat\u0131larak buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra alkol\u00fcn tamamen u\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131, geride kalan \u00fc\u00e7te birlik i\u00e7ece\u011fin din h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uygun olaca\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Bu kabul, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde din i\u015flerinden sorumlu en \u00fcst makam\u0131n sahibi \u015eeyh\u00fclislam Ebussuud Efendi\u2019nin verdi\u011fi bir fetvayla da yasal dayana\u011fa kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylelikle \u015farab\u0131n kendisi olmasa bile bir varyasyonu, cezaland\u0131r\u0131lma korkusu olmadan Osmanl\u0131 sosyal hayat\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcsellesin iki \u00e7e\u015fidi oldu\u011funu da belirtelim. Bunlar\u0131n ilki \u201c\u015fer\u2019i m\u00fcselles\u201dtir. Bunun imalat\u0131, taze \u00fcz\u00fcm \u015f\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131n (ya da bir kilo kuru \u00fcz\u00fcme iki kilo su katmak suretiyle elde edilen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n) \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinin kaynat\u0131larak buharla\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra geride kalan \u00fc\u00e7te birinin elde edilmesinden ibarettir.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci t\u00fcr m\u00fcselles ise \u201c\u0130stanbul M\u00fcsellesi\u201d ad\u0131yla bilinir. Evliya \u00c7elebi\u2019nin seyahatnamesindeki a\u00e7\u0131klamaya g\u00f6re bir ya da yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k keskin \u015farab\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinin kaynat\u0131l\u0131p buharla\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra geride kalan \u00fc\u00e7te birlik k\u0131sma \u0130stanbul M\u00fcsellesi denir ve \u00c7elebi\u2019nin ifadesiyle \u201cPekmez gibidir ve \u00e7ok az bir miktar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ilmesi durumunda bile i\u00e7eni sarho\u015f edebilecek kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te hem muhafaza edilmesinin kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (y\u00fcksek \u015feker ve alkol sayesinde bozulmaya kar\u015f\u0131 son derece diren\u00e7liydi) hem de damakta b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 o yo\u011fun, kuru meyvemsi ve pekmezsi derinlik nedeniyle bir gastronomi klasi\u011fi olan M\u00fcselles<\/b>, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc modern \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki Passito<\/i> veya Porto<\/i> gibi lik\u00f6r \u015faraplar\u0131n bu topraklardaki as\u0131rl\u0131k \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcsellesin Osmanl\u0131 ve klasik T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcndeki tarihsel derinli\u011fine, f\u0131khi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ve edebi eserlerdeki yans\u0131malar\u0131na dair detayl\u0131 bir akademik ara\u015ft\u0131rma okumak isterseniz, DergiPark veri taban\u0131nda yer alan Klasik T\u00fcrk Literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde M\u00fcselles \u0130ncelemesi<\/a><\/span><\/strong> ba\u015fl\u0131\u0131kl\u0131 bilimsel makaleyi inceleyebilirsiniz.“<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130lginizi \u00c7ekebilir:<\/h3>\n

M\u00fcselles<\/b>\u2019in Osmanl\u0131 saraylar\u0131ndan ve Evliya \u00c7elebi\u2019nin seyahatnamelerinden s\u00fcz\u00fclen bu gizemli \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnden sonra, \u015farap tarihini \u015fekillendiren di\u011fer askeri hamleleri, antik \u00fcretim teknolojilerini ve kadim ba\u011f k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z da ilginizi \u00e7ekebilir:<\/p>\n