{"id":991747,"date":"2025-07-06T19:52:21","date_gmt":"2025-07-06T16:52:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/?p=991747"},"modified":"2026-09-30T15:44:01","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T12:44:01","slug":"endemik-saraplik-japon-uzumleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/endemik-saraplik-japon-uzumleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Endemik \u015earapl\u0131k Japon \u00dcz\u00fcmleri"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Bir Torun Ziyareti, \u015earap Tad\u0131m\u0131 ve Japonya Notlar\u0131<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u015earap d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n geleneksel s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p Uzak Do\u011fu’ya do\u011fru uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, Japonya ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve teruar \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finin ne kadar kendine has bir karakter bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. \u0130nsan\u0131n torunu olunca, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6b\u00fcr taraf\u0131na gidip torununu g\u00f6rmek hi\u00e7 g\u00f6z\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fcyor. Tesad\u00fcf bu ya, torunumuzla bu defa bulu\u015fma noktam\u0131z Japonya oldu. Elbette oraya gittik diye esas i\u015fimizi unutmuyoruz. Daha gitmeden bir \u00f6n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olarak \u201cWines of Japan\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 okudum ve Japon \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n genel \u00e7er\u00e7evesini tan\u0131ma f\u0131rsat\u0131m oldu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>

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\"Japonya\"<\/figure>\r\n<\/div><\/div>
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Japonya’da asman\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fi<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

D\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n hem kuzey hem de g\u00fcney yar\u0131 k\u00fcresindeki 30\u00b0\u201350\u00b0\u00a0paralellerin aras\u0131na \u015earap Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 deriz.\u00a0 Japonya\u2019n\u0131n da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc gezegenimizin, s\u0131cakl\u0131k derecesi olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00fcz\u00fcm yeti\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli olan bu ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Ancak b\u00f6lgede h\u00e2kim olan muson iklimi, \u015earap Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda olmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu avantaj\u0131, olumsuz y\u00f6nden etkiler. Nemin \u00e7ok yo\u011fun hissedildi\u011fi Japonya\u2019da asman\u0131n ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in ba\u011fc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fczerine daha fazla y\u00fck biner.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Japon kay\u0131tlar\u0131 \u00fclkenin asmayla ilk tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 1000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Ama bu \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00fclkeye gelme bi\u00e7imi hakk\u0131nda iki ayr\u0131 rivayet oldu\u011funun da hemen alt\u0131na \u00e7izelim.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bunlardan birisinde Katsunuma b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan yerli halktan birisinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan vah\u015fi asmadan kopar\u0131p bah\u00e7esine dikti\u011fi, aradan bir s\u00fcre ge\u00e7ip meyve verince yedi\u011fi \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc yiyip bay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn bundan sonra yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Di\u011fer hik\u00e2yede \u0130pek Yolu \u00fczerinden \u00c7in\u2019e ula\u015fan \u015farapl\u0131k \u00fcz\u00fcm t\u00fcr\u00fc Vitis vinifera\u2019n\u0131n bir \u00e7e\u015fidinin buradan Japonya\u2019ya ge\u00e7erek k\u00f6k sald\u0131\u011f\u0131 rivayet edilir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Uzak Do\u011fu Teruar\u0131nda Japonya ve Endemik Varyeteler<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Japonya\u2019da topu topu \u00fc\u00e7 \u015farapl\u0131k \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc var. Yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz hik\u00e2yelere konu olan \u00fcz\u00fcm, Koshu \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc. Pembe renkli taneleri olan bu \u00fcz\u00fcm g\u00f6ren herkesi b\u00fcy\u00fcleyecek kadar g\u00fczel bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye sahip. Koshu \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, Koshu\u2019nun \u015farapl\u0131k \u00fcz\u00fcmlerin ailesi olan Vitis Vinifera\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcyesi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor ama bu konuda yine de tart\u0131\u015fmalar var.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Koshu d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki di\u011fer \u00fcz\u00fcmler Muskat Bailey A (\u00f6zellikle aromatik roze ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u015faraplarda kullan\u0131lan melez bir \u00fcz\u00fcm t\u00fcr\u00fc<\/em>) ve Delaware (Amerika k\u00f6kenli, aromatik beyaz \u015farap \u00fcz\u00fcmlerinden biri<\/em>) adlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. Her iki \u00fcz\u00fcm de Vitis Vinifera ile Vitis Labrusca melezi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Japonya\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcz\u00fcm portf\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00fcz\u00fcm portf\u00f6y\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 haks\u0131zl\u0131k. Bizim tam olarak ka\u00e7 tanesinin \u015farapl\u0131k oldu\u011funu hen\u00fcz bilemedi\u011fimiz 1.459 \u00e7e\u015fit kay\u0131tl\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcm\u00fcz var. Neyse, bu konuya daha sonra tekrar gelece\u011fiz.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Japonya’da \u015farap \u00fcretiminin ge\u00e7mi\u015fi<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Japonya bir pirin\u00e7 \u00fclkesi. Pirincin arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iklim \u015fartlar\u0131na fazlas\u0131yla sahip. Pirincin hakimiyeti hem g\u0131da hem alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ecek \u00fcretiminde \u00e7ok belirgin. \u00dclkenin ulusal i\u00e7kisi sake, pirincin alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ecek olarak uygulanm\u0131\u015f hali.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u015earap \u00fcretiminin ge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya kapal\u0131 Japonya\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan bir ili\u015fki var. Japonya\u2019da \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn ge\u00e7mi\u015fi uzun olsa da \u015farap \u00fcretiminin 150 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi var. Ayr\u0131ca nitelikli \u015farap \u00fcretiminin s\u00fcresini son 40 y\u0131l olarak g\u00f6rmemiz daha do\u011fru olur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Burada k\u0131saca Japonlar\u0131n yemek al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fini hat\u0131rlamakta da fayda var. Geleneksel Japon mutfa\u011f\u0131nda et yer alm\u0131yor. D\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131lan Japonya\u2019n\u0131n yemek al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n da bu paralelde de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu de\u011fi\u015fim, 1868 y\u0131l\u0131nda askeri y\u00f6netimin devrilip \u0130mparatorluk y\u00f6netiminin gelmesiyle ba\u015fl\u0131yor. D\u00f6nem, ayd\u0131nlanma anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cMeiji D\u00f6nemi\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Meiji d\u00f6nemi, o zamana kadar yasak olan domuz ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131r gibi hayvan etlerinin t\u00fcketimini serbest b\u0131rak\u0131yor. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde \u015farap \u00fcretiminin de \u00f6zendirildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Ama de\u011fi\u015fimin toplum taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmesi uzun zaman gerektiriyor. Yasal olarak \u015farap \u00fcretimi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olsa da \u015farap t\u00fcketiminin artmas\u0131 \u00e7ok daha uzun zaman gerektiriyor.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Japonya\u2019da \u015farab\u0131n ilk y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6neminde daha \u00e7ok tatland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, porto \u015farab\u0131 \u00f6rneklerinin kabul g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz kaynaklarda. 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan ba\u015flayarak Japonya \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fimi daha ya\u015f\u0131yor. Tokyo Olimpiyatlar\u0131 (1964 y\u0131l\u0131) ve Osaka D\u00fcnya Fuar\u0131 (1970 y\u0131l\u0131), bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n yemek al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynuyor. Yemek al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u015farap anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Asl\u0131nda benzer de\u011fi\u015fimlerin viskide de oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlamakta fayda var. Yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015fi olan Japon viskisinin uluslararas\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131 elde etmesi yine son 40 y\u0131lda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Japon \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcn\u00fc<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Resmi kay\u0131tlara g\u00f6re Japonya\u2019da 200\u2019den \u00e7ok \u015farap \u00fcreticisi var. Toplam \u00fc\u00e7 endemik \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ve \u015farap \u00fcretiminin toplam tarihinin 150 y\u0131l oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnecek olursak asl\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir say\u0131.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Say\u0131lara bo\u011fulmadan Japon \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zetlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n