{"id":995016,"date":"2026-10-09T19:13:51","date_gmt":"2026-10-09T16:13:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/?p=995016"},"modified":"2026-10-11T08:44:07","modified_gmt":"2026-10-11T05:44:07","slug":"hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\/","title":{"rendered":"takku GI\u0160GE\u0160TIN-a\u0161: Hitit Kanunlar\u0131nda Ba\u011f ve \u015earap"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

takku GI\u0160GE\u0160TIN-a\u0161<\/h2>\n
\n

Anadolu\u2019da \u015farab\u0131n pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za yaln\u0131zca asmalar, ba\u011flar, \u00fcz\u00fcmler ve onlardan yap\u0131lan \u015faraplar \u00e7\u0131km\u0131yor. \u015earab\u0131n etraf\u0131nda oya gibi \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, her bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda daha \u00f6nce fark etmedi\u011finiz yeni bir katman\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren muazzam bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikim var. T\u00dcRK\u0130YE: D\u00fcnyan\u0131n En B\u00fcy\u00fck A\u00e7\u0131k Hava \u015earap M\u00fczesi<\/strong><\/span><\/a> \u00f6nerimize g\u00fc\u00e7 veren de i\u015fte bu birikim. M\u00fcze i\u00e7in se\u00e7ti\u011fimiz yaz\u0131larda daha \u015fimdiden zengin bir \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu yaz\u0131yla ona yeni bir par\u00e7a ekliyoruz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu kez \u015farap d\u00fcnyas\u0131na bamba\u015fka bir yerden bakaca\u011f\u0131z: yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce kil \u00fczerine \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131yla kaydedilmi\u015f kanunlardan.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Hitit Kanunlar\u0131 olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z metinler iki ana seriden olu\u015fuyor. Birinci seri Hitit\u00e7e \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle ba\u015fl\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

takku L\u00da-a\u0161<\/strong> \u2014 \u201cE\u011fer bir adam\u2026 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130kinci serinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ise bizim a\u00e7\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00e7ok daha ilgin\u00e7:<\/p>\n

takku GI\u0160GE\u0160TIN-a\u0161 \u2014 \u201cE\u011fer bir asma\u2026\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu ikinci seri, geleneksel numaraland\u0131rmada 101\u2019den 200\u2019e kadar uzanan h\u00fck\u00fcmleri i\u00e7eriyor. Hitit kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 da olduk\u00e7a tan\u0131d\u0131k: \u00d6nce bir olay tarif ediliyor, ard\u0131ndan bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda uygulanacak yapt\u0131r\u0131m veya \u00f6denecek tazminat belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n

Peki nas\u0131l oluyor da Hitit hukukunun ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn daha ilk sat\u0131r\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za bir asma \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor? \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Hitit hukukunda asma yaln\u0131zca meyve veren bir bitki olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131km\u0131yor. Birisi taraf\u0131ndan dikilmi\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, bak\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve gelecekte \u00fcr\u00fcn vermesi i\u00e7in emek harcanm\u0131\u015f ekonomik bir varl\u0131k olarak korunuyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla asmaya verilen zarar yaln\u0131z o y\u0131l\u0131n \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fil, gelecekteki \u00fcretimi de olumsuz etkiliyor. Hitit hukukunun ba\u011fa ve asmaya g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ilginin arkas\u0131nda i\u015fte bu ekonomik de\u011fer anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 var.<\/p>\n

Bir Asmaya Zarar Vermenin Bedeli<\/h2>\n

Hitit Kanunlar\u0131 ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k konusunda \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde somut. Bir ba\u011f\u0131n yak\u0131lmas\u0131, koyunlar\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn veren bir ba\u011fa sokulmas\u0131, \u00e7evrili bir ba\u011fdan asma s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerinin \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131 ya da bir asman\u0131n kesilmesi gibi durumlar\u0131n her biri hukuk metinlerinde kendine yer buluyor.<\/p>\n

Belki bizim Hitit kanunlar\u0131nda bulmak istedi\u011fimiz onlar\u0131n zaman\u0131nda \u015farab\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da Tokat\u2019\u0131n Narince \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015farap yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi daha pratik konular. Maalesef bu bilgiler tabletlerde yer alm\u0131yor. Ama bu kanunlar bize \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir \u015fey s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: Ba\u011f korunmas\u0131 gereken bir ekonomik varl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kanun maddelerini inceledi\u011fimiz zaman yaln\u0131z \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fil asma bitkisinin de de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 basit: Birinin ambar\u0131ndan tah\u0131l \u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda o y\u0131l\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc alm\u0131\u015f olursunuz. Ama yeti\u015fmi\u015f bir asmay\u0131 keserseniz yaln\u0131z bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fil, gelecek y\u0131llar\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc de ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Hitit hukukunun asmay\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir mesele olarak ele almas\u0131, ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi uzun vadeli eme\u011fin ve yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n hukuk taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Kanunlarda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan ba\u011f, bu nedenle yaln\u0131z tar\u0131msal bir alan de\u011fil. Sahibi olan, ekonomik de\u011fer \u00fcreten ve zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir m\u00fclk.<\/p>\n

Bir Ba\u011f Ne Kadar De\u011ferliydi?<\/h2>\n

\u015ea\u015f\u0131racaks\u0131n\u0131z ama Hitit kanunlar\u0131 bu soruya cevap vermemize izin veriyor. Fiyatlar\u0131n s\u0131raland\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden birinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.600 metrekarelik bir ba\u011f\u0131n de\u011feri 40 \u015fekel g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f <\/strong> olarak veriliyor. Yine kanunnamenin ayn\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki sulanan tarla i\u00e7in 3 \u015fekel g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f<\/strong> de\u011fer belirtti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnecek olursak arada muazzam bir de\u011fer fark\u0131 oldu\u011fu a\u015fik\u00e2r.<\/p>\n

Elbette buradan bug\u00fcn\u00fcn paras\u0131yla bir Hitit ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7 lira etti\u011fini hesaplamaya kalkman\u0131n anlam\u0131 yok. Paran\u0131n, eme\u011fin, topra\u011f\u0131n ve \u00fcretimin tamamen farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir ekonomik sistemi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz fiyatlar\u0131na \u00e7evirmek bize tarih de\u011fil, olsa olsa e\u011flenceli bir kur hesab\u0131 verir. Ama \u00fcr\u00fcnleri birbirleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn verilere sahibiz. Bunu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ba\u011f\u0131n Hitit ekonomisinde s\u0131radan bir tar\u0131m arazisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 daha iyi anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Muhtemelen kanunlar\u0131n asmay\u0131 bu kadar dikkatle korumas\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerinden biri ba\u011f\u0131n \u00fcz\u00fcm verecek a\u015famaya gelmesinin y\u0131llar s\u00fcren bir u\u011fra\u015f gerektirdi\u011finin bilincinde olmalar\u0131yd\u0131. Bir ba\u011f yaln\u0131z topra\u011f\u0131n de\u011fil, o topra\u011fa y\u0131llar boyunca yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n da de\u011ferini ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

\"Hitit<\/h2>\n

Bir Litre \u015earap Ka\u00e7 Litre Arpa Ederdi?<\/h2>\n

Hitit Kanunlar\u0131 bize yaln\u0131z ba\u011f\u0131n de\u011fil, \u015farab\u0131n da fiyat\u0131n\u0131 veriyor. Kanunlar\u0131n 183. maddesinde \u00e7e\u015fitli temel \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin fiyatlar\u0131 s\u0131ralan\u0131yor. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcleri kolay kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k modern kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131yla ifade ettik: 150 litre bu\u011fday bir \u015fekel g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, 200 litre arpa yar\u0131m \u015fekel g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, 50 litre \u015farap yar\u0131m \u015fekel g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f.<\/p>\n

Bu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 de\u011ferleri kullan\u0131rsak ayn\u0131 miktar g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fle isterseniz 200 litre arpa, isterseniz 50 litre \u015farap alabiliyordunuz. \u015earap hacim \u00fczerinden kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda arpadan yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt kat daha de\u011ferliydi.<\/p>\n

\u015earab\u0131n Hitit d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda arpan\u0131n d\u00f6rt kat\u0131 de\u011fere sahip olmas\u0131 \u201cl\u00fcks t\u00fcketim maddesi\u201d oldu\u011funu mu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmeli bize? Bu konuda hemen bir sonuca varmamakta fayda var. \u015earab\u0131n daha pahal\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131, yaln\u0131zca toplumun en \u00fcst kesimleri taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcketildi\u011fi \u015feklinde yorumlamak yerine, ekonomik de\u011feri y\u00fcksek bir tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcn oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek daha do\u011fru olur.<\/p>\n

\u00dcstelik \u015farap yaln\u0131z i\u00e7ilerek t\u00fcketilen bir \u00fcr\u00fcn olmaktan ibaret de\u011fildi. Saray ekonomisinin, dini t\u00f6renlerin, sunular\u0131n ve ba\u015fka siyasi merkezlerle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen mal dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n da par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada hukuk tabletlerinden ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p Hitit \u00fclkesinin co\u011frafyas\u0131na bakmam\u0131z gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Ba\u011flar Neredeydi?<\/h2>\n

Hitit Kanunlar\u0131 Hattu\u015fa\u2019da bulundu diye Hitit \u015farab\u0131n\u0131n Hattu\u015fa \u00e7evresindeki ba\u011flardan geldi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek kolay. Ama elimizdeki kan\u0131tlar daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir co\u011frafyaya i\u015faret ediyor. Bunun g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerinden biri bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Tokat yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Ma\u015fat H\u00f6y\u00fck, Hitit d\u00f6nemindeki ad\u0131yla Tapikka<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Tapikka\u2019da bulunan kraliyet yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, merkezi y\u00f6netimin b\u00f6lgedeki ba\u011flarla yak\u0131ndan ilgilendi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Kral\u0131n g\u00f6revlilere g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi mektuplarda ba\u011flar\u0131n durumu soruluyor, \u00fcz\u00fcm hasad\u0131 takip ediliyor ve yetkililer hasat konusunda a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde uyar\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu belgeler Hitit ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kanun tabletlerinin soyut d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p ger\u00e7ek bir \u00fcretim co\u011frafyas\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bir tarafta Hattu\u015fa\u2019da \u201cbir asmaya zarar verilirse ne olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d belirleyen hukuk metni var. Di\u011fer tarafta Tapikka\u2019da \u00fcz\u00fcm hasad\u0131n\u0131 takip eden devlet g\u00f6revlileri.<\/p>\n

\u0130kisini yan yana koydu\u011fumuzda ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yaln\u0131z k\u00f6yl\u00fcn\u00fcn veya ba\u011f sahibinin meselesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, merkezi y\u00f6netimin de ilgilendi\u011fi ekonomik bir faaliyet oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Kral\u0131n Kadehindeki \u015earap Nereden Geliyordu?<\/h2>\n

Ama Hitit d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda t\u00fcketilen b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015farab\u0131n Hitit \u00fclkesinin merkez b\u00f6lgelerinde \u00fcretildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek i\u00e7in de bir nedenimiz yok. Hitit \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu geni\u015fledik\u00e7e Anadolu\u2019nun g\u00fcneyi ve Kuzey Suriye\u2019nin \u00f6nemli tar\u0131m ve ticaret merkezleri de onun siyasi ve ekonomik sisteminin i\u00e7ine girdi. Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda Ge\u00e7 Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli liman ve \u015farap merkezlerinden biri olan Ugarit<\/strong> de vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ugarit ar\u015fivleri ba\u011flar\u0131n kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u015farab\u0131n merkezi y\u00f6netime teslim edildi\u011fini, depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve saray taraf\u0131ndan yeniden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Fakat Ugarit, Hitit egemenli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir ticaret orta\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ok Hitit B\u00fcy\u00fck Kral\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 bir krall\u0131kt\u0131. Bu nedenle Ugarit ile Hitit merkezi aras\u0131ndaki mal hareketini bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlam\u0131yla yaln\u0131zca \u201cithalat\u201d veya \u201cihracat\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlamak yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olur. Kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda ticaretin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hara\u00e7, vergi, saraylar aras\u0131 transfer ve yeniden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok daha farkl\u0131 bir ekonomik sistem var.<\/p>\n

Bu sistemde Kilikya\u2019daki Ura<\/strong> kentinin t\u00fcccarlar\u0131 da \u00f6nemli bir rol oynuyordu. Ural\u0131 t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n Ugarit\u2019te faaliyet g\u00f6sterdiklerini ve Hitit d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ile Do\u011fu Akdeniz aras\u0131ndaki mal hareketinin akt\u00f6rlerinden olduklar\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. Bir Hitit metninde Ural\u0131 t\u00fcccarlar Zallara yolunda i\u015f\u00e7iler, hayvanlar, tah\u0131l, madenler ve de\u011ferli ta\u015flar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u015farap ta\u015f\u0131rken kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Hattu\u015fa\u2019da bir t\u00f6rende kral\u0131n kadehine doldurulan \u015farab\u0131n \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn nerede yeti\u015fti\u011fini tam olarak bilemeyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

Tapikka\u2019daki bir ba\u011fdan m\u0131 gelmi\u015fti? G\u00fcney Anadolu\u2019dan m\u0131? Yoksa Hitit egemenli\u011findeki Kuzey Suriye\u2019nin ba\u011flar\u0131ndan m\u0131?<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn elimizde bu soruya her zaman cevap verecek belgeler yok. Ama sorunun kendisi bile Hitit \u015farap d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczden \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyaya yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Hititlerin bir \u201c\u015earap Kanunu\u201d var m\u0131yd\u0131?<\/h2>\n

Burada \u00f6nemli bir ayr\u0131m\u0131 yeniden hat\u0131rlatmakta fayda var. \u201c\u015earap kanunu\u201d dedi\u011fimizde bug\u00fcn akl\u0131m\u0131za gelen \u00fcretim b\u00f6lgeleri, \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00e7e\u015fitleri, \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemleri, etiketler veya co\u011frafi i\u015faretleri d\u00fczenleyen mevzuat Hititlerde yok. En az\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne kadar ula\u015f\u0131lan belgeler aras\u0131nda yok. Elimizde \u201c\u015farap \u015fu \u00fcz\u00fcmden yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d ya da \u201c\u015fu b\u00f6lgenin \u015farab\u0131 ancak \u015fu adla sat\u0131labilir\u201d diyen h\u00fck\u00fcmler bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n

Hitit hukukunun sorular\u0131 \u00e7ok daha temel:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Birinin ba\u011f\u0131na zarar verirsen ne olur?<\/li>\n
  • Asmas\u0131n\u0131 kesersen ne \u00f6dersin?<\/li>\n
  • Ba\u011f ne kadar de\u011ferlidir?<\/li>\n
  • \u015earab\u0131n fiyat\u0131 nedir?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Bu nedenle \u201cHititlerin ba\u011f ve \u015farap kanunlar\u0131\u201d derken asl\u0131nda modern anlamda bir \u015farap mevzuat\u0131ndan de\u011fil, ba\u011f\u0131, asmay\u0131 ve \u015farab\u0131 ekonomik ve hukuki de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131yan varl\u0131klar olarak ele alan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden<\/strong> s\u00f6z ediyoruz. Bir yan\u0131yla bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler bize herhangi bir \u00fcretim re\u00e7etesinden daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

    Bir tablet neden A\u00e7\u0131k Hava \u015earap M\u00fczesi\u2019nde?<\/h2>\n

    T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131k hava \u015farap m\u00fczesi olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00f6nce ba\u011flar, antik kentler, amphoralar veya \u015farap i\u015flikleri geliyor. Ama bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn \u015farapla ili\u015fkisi yaln\u0131z \u015farab\u0131 nas\u0131l yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemez. Asmay\u0131 nas\u0131l korudu\u011fu da \u00f6nemlidir. Ba\u011fa verilen zarar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015faraba hangi ekonomik de\u011feri bi\u00e7ti\u011fi, \u00fcretimi nas\u0131l takip etti\u011fi ve \u015farab\u0131 \u00fclkenin bir ucundan di\u011ferine nas\u0131l ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ayn\u0131 hik\u00e2yenin par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bu nedenle Hattu\u015fa\u2019da bulunan ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u00fczerine \u201cE\u011fer bir asma\u2026\u201d diye yaz\u0131lan kil tablet de bu m\u00fczenin eserlerinden biridir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc asl\u0131nda bir toplumun \u015farap k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc anlamak i\u00e7in kadehin i\u00e7ine de\u011fil, kanunlar\u0131na bakmak gerekir.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Hititler bir asmaya zarar vermenin bedelini kanunlarla belirliyordu. Ba\u011flar\u0131n de\u011feri, \u015farab\u0131n fiyat\u0131 ve kraliyet yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00fczerinden Anadolu’nun eski \u015farap k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne farkl\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":995019,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1961],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-995016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-acik-hava-sarap-muzesi"],"yoast_head":"\nHitit Kanunlar\u0131nda Ba\u011f ve \u015earap | WAYANA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hitit Kanunlar\u0131 ba\u011flar\u0131 ve asmalar\u0131 nas\u0131l koruyordu? 3.500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Anadolu'da ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ekonomik de\u011feri ve \u015farab\u0131n hukuk i\u00e7indeki yeri.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ja_JP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hitit Kanunlar\u0131nda Ba\u011f ve \u015earap | WAYANA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hitit Kanunlar\u0131 ba\u011flar\u0131 ve asmalar\u0131 nas\u0131l koruyordu? 3.500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Anadolu'da ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ekonomik de\u011feri ve \u015farab\u0131n hukuk i\u00e7indeki yeri.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Wayana Wine Bar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wayanatapas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-10-09T16:13:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-11T05:44:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Yazilikaya_B_12erGruppe-1024x674.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"674\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Cenap Kuzuo\u011flu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u57f7\u7b46\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Cenap Kuzuo\u011flu\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u63a8\u5b9a\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u6642\u9593\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9\u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Cenap Kuzuo\u011flu\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/851ceffa51197e2af70b71c125f2bd04\"},\"headline\":\"takku GI\u0160GE\u0160TIN-a\u0161: Hitit Kanunlar\u0131nda Ba\u011f ve \u015earap\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-09T16:13:51+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-11T05:44:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1977,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Yazilikaya_B_12erGruppe.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"A\u00e7\u0131k Hava \u015earap M\u00fczesi\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ja\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\\\/\",\"name\":\"Hitit Kanunlar\u0131nda Ba\u011f ve \u015earap | WAYANA\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Yazilikaya_B_12erGruppe.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-09T16:13:51+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-11T05:44:07+00:00\",\"description\":\"Hitit Kanunlar\u0131 ba\u011flar\u0131 ve asmalar\u0131 nas\u0131l koruyordu? 3.500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Anadolu'da ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ekonomik de\u011feri ve \u015farab\u0131n hukuk i\u00e7indeki yeri.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ja\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ja\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Yazilikaya_B_12erGruppe.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Yazilikaya_B_12erGruppe.jpg\",\"width\":1999,\"height\":1315},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Anasayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"takku GI\u0160GE\u0160TIN-a\u0161: Hitit Kanunlar\u0131nda Ba\u011f ve \u015earap\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Wayana Wine Bar\",\"description\":\"Wayana Tapas\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ja\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Wayana Wine Bar\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ja\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/LOGOTYPE-WAYANA-03.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/LOGOTYPE-WAYANA-03.png\",\"width\":626,\"height\":209,\"caption\":\"Wayana Wine Bar\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/wayanatapas\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/wayanatapas\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/851ceffa51197e2af70b71c125f2bd04\",\"name\":\"Cenap Kuzuo\u011flu\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ja\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/wp-content\\\/litespeed\\\/avatar\\\/509c698570a62b522be70b8c4d2aab53.jpg?ver=1793058727\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/wp-content\\\/litespeed\\\/avatar\\\/509c698570a62b522be70b8c4d2aab53.jpg?ver=1793058727\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/wp-content\\\/litespeed\\\/avatar\\\/509c698570a62b522be70b8c4d2aab53.jpg?ver=1793058727\",\"caption\":\"Cenap Kuzuo\u011flu\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wayanatapas.com\\\/ja\\\/author\\\/cenapkuzuoglu\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Hitit Kanunlar\u0131nda Ba\u011f ve \u015earap | WAYANA","description":"Hitit Kanunlar\u0131 ba\u011flar\u0131 ve asmalar\u0131 nas\u0131l koruyordu? 3.500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Anadolu'da ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ekonomik de\u011feri ve \u015farab\u0131n hukuk i\u00e7indeki yeri.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\/","og_locale":"ja_JP","og_type":"article","og_title":"Hitit Kanunlar\u0131nda Ba\u011f ve \u015earap | WAYANA","og_description":"Hitit Kanunlar\u0131 ba\u011flar\u0131 ve asmalar\u0131 nas\u0131l koruyordu? 3.500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Anadolu'da ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ekonomik de\u011feri ve \u015farab\u0131n hukuk i\u00e7indeki yeri.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\/","og_site_name":"Wayana Wine Bar","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wayanatapas\/","article_published_time":"2026-10-09T16:13:51+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-10-11T05:44:07+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":674,"url":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Yazilikaya_B_12erGruppe-1024x674.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Cenap Kuzuo\u011flu","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u57f7\u7b46\u8005":"Cenap Kuzuo\u011flu","\u63a8\u5b9a\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u6642\u9593":"9\u5206"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\/"},"author":{"name":"Cenap Kuzuo\u011flu","@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/#\/schema\/person\/851ceffa51197e2af70b71c125f2bd04"},"headline":"takku GI\u0160GE\u0160TIN-a\u0161: Hitit Kanunlar\u0131nda Ba\u011f ve \u015earap","datePublished":"2026-10-09T16:13:51+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-11T05:44:07+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\/"},"wordCount":1977,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Yazilikaya_B_12erGruppe.jpg","articleSection":["A\u00e7\u0131k Hava \u015earap M\u00fczesi"],"inLanguage":"ja"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\/","url":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\/","name":"Hitit Kanunlar\u0131nda Ba\u011f ve \u015earap | WAYANA","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Yazilikaya_B_12erGruppe.jpg","datePublished":"2026-10-09T16:13:51+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-11T05:44:07+00:00","description":"Hitit Kanunlar\u0131 ba\u011flar\u0131 ve asmalar\u0131 nas\u0131l koruyordu? 3.500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Anadolu'da ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ekonomik de\u011feri ve \u015farab\u0131n hukuk i\u00e7indeki yeri.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ja","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ja","@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Yazilikaya_B_12erGruppe.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Yazilikaya_B_12erGruppe.jpg","width":1999,"height":1315},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/hitit-kanunlarinda-bag-ve-sarap\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Anasayfa","item":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"takku GI\u0160GE\u0160TIN-a\u0161: Hitit Kanunlar\u0131nda Ba\u011f ve \u015earap"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/","name":"Wayana Wine Bar","description":"Wayana Tapas","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ja"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/#organization","name":"Wayana Wine Bar","url":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ja","@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/LOGOTYPE-WAYANA-03.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/LOGOTYPE-WAYANA-03.png","width":626,"height":209,"caption":"Wayana Wine Bar"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wayanatapas\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/wayanatapas\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/#\/schema\/person\/851ceffa51197e2af70b71c125f2bd04","name":"Cenap Kuzuo\u011flu","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ja","@id":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/509c698570a62b522be70b8c4d2aab53.jpg?ver=1793058727","url":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/509c698570a62b522be70b8c4d2aab53.jpg?ver=1793058727","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/509c698570a62b522be70b8c4d2aab53.jpg?ver=1793058727","caption":"Cenap Kuzuo\u011flu"},"url":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/author\/cenapkuzuoglu\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/995016","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=995016"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/995016\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":995036,"href":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/995016\/revisions\/995036"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/995019"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=995016"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=995016"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=995016"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}