{"id":995040,"date":"2026-10-15T23:56:13","date_gmt":"2026-10-15T20:56:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/?p=995040"},"modified":"2026-10-16T14:29:57","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T11:29:57","slug":"ritonlar-tanrilarin-kadehleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/ritonlar-tanrilarin-kadehleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Ritonlar ve Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n Kadehleri"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Anadolu’da \u015farab\u0131n t\u00f6rensel kaplar\u0131<\/h3>\n
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Bir m\u00fczeyi gezerken duyu organlar\u0131m\u0131n g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi sinyallerin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini, birbirinden farkl\u0131 duygular\u0131n i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fini, kalp at\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131n hafif\u00e7e h\u0131zland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissederim. \u0130lgin\u00e7 olan, bu h\u0131zlanman\u0131n bende bir heyecanla birlikte s\u00fck\u00fbnet duygusu da uyand\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. V\u00fccudumda benzer bir de\u011fi\u015fimi klasik m\u00fczik dinlerken de alg\u0131lar\u0131m. Bu tarif etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m de\u011fi\u015fimi New York’taki Metropolitan Museum of Art koleksiyonunda sergilenen, ba\u015f\u0131 ve boynuzlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ustal\u0131kla bi\u00e7imlendirilmi\u015f, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ften yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir geyik heykelini and\u0131ran eserle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131mda da ya\u015fad\u0131m. Biraz daha dikkatli bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda hayvan\u0131n g\u00f6vdesinin bir kab\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu fark ettim. \u00dcstelik kab\u0131n a\u011f\u0131z kenar\u0131nda, insanlarla tanr\u0131lar\u0131n bulu\u015ftu\u011fu bir t\u00f6ren oya gibi i\u015flenmi\u015fti. \u0130\u015fte yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.300 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Anadolu’da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu eserle binlerce kilometre \u00f6tede, New York\u2019ta kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmam, ritonlarla ilgili bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n tohumunu att\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Akla gelen ilk soru \u015fu: \u0130nsanlar neden i\u00e7eceklerini s\u0131radan kaplar yerine bo\u011fa, ko\u00e7 veya geyik bi\u00e7iminde haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f kaplardan i\u00e7iyorlard\u0131? Bu hayvanlar\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesinin \u00f6zel bir anlam\u0131 var m\u0131yd\u0131? Kaplar\u0131n i\u00e7indeki s\u0131v\u0131 nereye ak\u0131t\u0131l\u0131yordu? Ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n \u015farapla nas\u0131l bir ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131? T\u00fcrkiye: D\u00fcnyan\u0131n En B\u00fcy\u00fck A\u00e7\u0131k Hava \u015earap M\u00fczesi<\/strong><\/span><\/a> yolculu\u011fumuzda bu kez antik kentlerin sokaklar\u0131ndan, ba\u011flardan ve \u015farap i\u015fliklerinden ayr\u0131larak m\u00fczelerinvitrinlerine uzan\u0131yoruz. \u0130zini s\u00fcrece\u011fimiz nesneler, Anadolu’nun binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u00e7me ve sunu geleneklerinin en ilgin\u00e7 tan\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan ritonlar ve hayvan bi\u00e7imli kaplar.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\"\"<\/h2>\n

Riton Nedir? Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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Riton s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Eski Yunancada akmak anlam\u0131na gelen rhe\u00een<\/em> fiiliyle ili\u015fkili. Arkeolojide genellikle bir ucundan doldurulan, di\u011fer ucundaki a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131ktan s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n ak\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan kaplar\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu kaplar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hayvan bi\u00e7iminde. Baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6vdesi bir boynuz gibi; daralan u\u00e7lar\u0131nda bo\u011fa, ko\u00e7, geyik veya ba\u015fka hayvanlar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131 ya da \u00f6n g\u00f6vdeleri var. Kimi \u00f6rnekler seramikten, kimileri ise bronz, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f veya alt\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ancak burada \u00f6nemli bir ayr\u0131m yapmam\u0131z \u015fart: Hayvan bi\u00e7iminde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f her i\u00e7me kab\u0131 riton de\u011fil. Ritonlar\u0131n ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelliklerinden biri, s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n kab\u0131n alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131ktan ak\u0131t\u0131labilmesi. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k hayvan bi\u00e7imli baz\u0131 kaplar, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kadehler gibi \u00fcst kenarlar\u0131ndan i\u00e7ilmek \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015f. \u00dcstelik bu farkl\u0131l\u0131k yaln\u0131zca bi\u00e7imsel de de\u011fil. Kaplar\u0131n kullan\u0131m ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemli.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Baz\u0131 ritonlar s\u0131v\u0131 sunular\u0131nda, baz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7ki t\u00fcketiminde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Ancak her kab\u0131n din\u00ee bir t\u00f6rene ait oldu\u011funu veya i\u00e7inde mutlaka \u015farap bulundu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek konusunda ihtiyatl\u0131 olmal\u0131y\u0131z. Arkeolojik buluntular\u0131n bize sundu\u011fu somut bilgilerle bunlardan yola \u00e7\u0131karak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yorumlar aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fcr\u00fcst\u00e7e \u00e7izmemizde fayda var.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fim g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f geyik formundaki kab\u0131n da aralar\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Metropolitan Museum’un koleksiyonundaki eserler, bu farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in iyi bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131k hava m\u00fczesi T\u00fcrkiye olsa da, kimi eserlerimiz maalesef \u00e7ok uzaklarda.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\"\"<\/h2>\n

K\u00fcltepe: Hayvan Bi\u00e7imli Kaplar\u0131n D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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Kayseri yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki K\u00fcltepe, M\u00d6 2. biny\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Anadolu’nun \u00f6nemli ticaret merkezlerinden biriydi. Antik ad\u0131yla Kani\u015f, Mezopotamya’dan gelen Asurlu t\u00fcccarlarla Anadolu’nun yerel topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n bulu\u015ftu\u011fu bir kentti. Burada ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ticaret yaln\u0131zca mallar\u0131n de\u011fil, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin, tekniklerin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geleneklerin de dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. K\u00fcltepe kaz\u0131lar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan seramik kaplar, bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin dikkat \u00e7ekici \u00f6rneklerini olu\u015fturur. Aslanlar, ko\u00e7lar, antiloplar, tav\u015fanlar, k\u00f6pekler, yaban domuzlar\u0131 ve ku\u015flar… Anadolu’nun \u00e7\u00f6mlek ustalar\u0131, \u00e7evrelerindeki hayvanlar d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7me kaplar\u0131n\u0131n bi\u00e7imlerine ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Metropolitan Museum of Art koleksiyonunda bulunan, K\u00fcltepe’den gelmi\u015f olmas\u0131 muhtemel bir ko\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131 bi\u00e7imli kap, bu gelene\u011fin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan \u00f6rneklerinden biridir. M\u00d6 1900\u20131600 aras\u0131na tarihlenen eser, pi\u015fmi\u015f topraktan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. A\u00e7\u0131k renkli astar\u0131n \u00fczerinde siyah boyayla i\u015flenmi\u015f ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar var. Ko\u00e7un boynuzlar\u0131, g\u00f6zleri ve y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri \u00f6zenle bi\u00e7imlendirilmi\u015f. Metropolitan Museum’un koleksiyon a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011freniyoruz ki hayvan bi\u00e7imli bu t\u00fcr kaplar K\u00fcltepe’de evlerde ve mezarlarda da bulunmu\u015f. O zaman hayvan bi\u00e7imli kaplar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca din\u00ee t\u00f6renlerle a\u00e7\u0131klayamayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Peki, i\u00e7lerinde ne vard\u0131?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Bu soruya her kap i\u00e7in kesin bir cevap vermek de kolay de\u011fil. \u015earap kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Ancak bilimsel bir kesinlikle belirli bir kab\u0131n \u015farap i\u00e7erdi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebilmek i\u00e7in yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir belgeye, kal\u0131nt\u0131 analizine veya kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan ba\u015fka bir kan\u0131ta ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyoruz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla K\u00fcltepe’nin hayvan bi\u00e7imli kaplar\u0131 bize \u00f6ncelikle bir i\u00e7me k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, seramik ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hayvanlar\u0131n maddi k\u00fclt\u00fcrdeki yerini anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Hayvan bi\u00e7imli kaplar\u0131n Hitit d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki kullan\u0131m\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ise kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za ba\u015fka bir boyut \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Hititler: Tanr\u0131n\u0131n Kadehini \u0130\u00e7mek<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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Hititlerle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar bize g\u00f6steriyor ki onlar\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u015farap, yaln\u0131zca g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 de\u011fil. Din\u00ee t\u00f6renlerde, bayramlarda ve tanr\u0131lara sunulan arma\u011fanlar aras\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip. Daha \u00f6nce Hitit ba\u011f ve \u015farap kanunlar\u0131n\u0131 incelerken,<\/strong><\/span><\/a> ba\u011flar\u0131n ve \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin hukuk d\u00fczeninde nas\u0131l yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck. Bu kez ayn\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n inan\u00e7 uygulamalar\u0131na bak\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Hitit rit\u00fcel metinlerinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6nemli kavramlardan biri BIBRU<\/strong>. Bu terim, farkl\u0131 malzemelerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7e\u015fitli bi\u00e7imlere sahip i\u00e7me kaplar\u0131yla ili\u015fkili. \u00d6zellikle hayvan bi\u00e7imli \u00f6rnekler, Hititlerin din\u00ee d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda dikkat \u00e7ekici bir yer tutuyor. Ancak BIBRU ile riton ayn\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\"Hitit<\/h3>\n

G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Geyi\u011fin Anlatt\u0131klar\u0131<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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Metropolitan Museum koleksiyonundaki Hitit g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f geyik kab\u0131, bu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en etkileyici \u00f6rneklerinden biri. M\u00d6 14\u201313. y\u00fczy\u0131la tarihlenen eser, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ften yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve alt\u0131n kakmalarla s\u00fcslenmi\u015f. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 18 santimetre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Geyi\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131, boynuzlar\u0131 ve \u00f6n g\u00f6vdesi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131 zenginli\u011fiyle i\u015flenmi\u015f. Ancak eseri as\u0131l ilgin\u00e7 k\u0131lan, kab\u0131n \u00fcst kenar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen kabartma sahne. Burada bir t\u00f6ren betimleniyor. Geyik \u00fczerinde tasvir edilen bir tanr\u0131ya, gagal\u0131 a\u011f\u0131zl\u0131 bir kaptan s\u0131v\u0131 sunuldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Sahnenin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ve kab\u0131n olas\u0131 i\u015flevi konusunda farkl\u0131 yorumlar var. B\u00f6ylece kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za hayvan bi\u00e7imli bir i\u00e7me kab\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde, ba\u015fka bir kab\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 din\u00ee bir t\u00f6ren \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bu sahne, Hitit d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda i\u00e7me ve sunu kaplar\u0131n\u0131n tanr\u0131larla insanlar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Ancak kabartmada g\u00f6sterilen t\u00f6ren, bu kab\u0131n da ayn\u0131 ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na kan\u0131tlam\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Kab\u0131n ilgin\u00e7 bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi daha var: alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde s\u0131v\u0131 ak\u0131tma deli\u011fi bulunmuyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla teknik anlamda bu g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f geyik formundaki kab\u0131n bir riton olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131. Hititolog Theo van den Hout\u2019un 2018 tarihli incelemesi, eserin olas\u0131 i\u015flevini de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir kaynak.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Bir Tanr\u0131 \u0130\u00e7ilebilir mi?<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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Hitit rit\u00fcel metinlerinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z en ilgin\u00e7 ifadelerden biri, genellikle \u201ctanr\u0131y\u0131 i\u00e7mek\u201d bi\u00e7iminde terc\u00fcme edilebilecek uygulama. \u0130lk bak\u0131\u015fta \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bir insan bir tanr\u0131y\u0131 nas\u0131l i\u00e7ebilir?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla burada belirli tanr\u0131larla ili\u015fkili t\u00f6rensel i\u00e7me uygulamalar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ediliyor. Ancak ifadenin tam olarak ne anlama geldi\u011fi ve uygulaman\u0131n nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi konusunda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131 yorumlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Kimi a\u00e7\u0131klamalar, tanr\u0131n\u0131n onuruna i\u00e7ilen i\u00e7ece\u011fi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rken, kimileri rit\u00fcelin tanr\u0131yla kurulan ili\u015fkiyi temsil eden y\u00f6n\u00fcne dikkat \u00e7eker. Bu nedenle uygulamay\u0131, kral\u0131n \u015farap i\u00e7erek tanr\u0131yla mistik bi\u00e7imde b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesi \u015feklinde kesin bir ifadeyle a\u00e7\u0131klamak do\u011fru olmaz.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Yine de Hitit metinleriyle arkeolojik buluntular\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fimizde \u00f6nemli bir sonuca ula\u015f\u0131yoruz: \u0130\u00e7mek, Hititlerin din\u00ee ya\u015fam\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca bedensel bir eylem de\u011fil, rit\u00fcel anlamlar ta\u015f\u0131yan bir uygulama.<\/strong> Hayvan bi\u00e7imli kaplar da bu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n maddi tan\u0131klar\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ahameni\u015fler: Ritondan \u0130\u00e7mek<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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Zaman i\u00e7inde hayvan bi\u00e7imli i\u00e7me ve sunu kaplar\u0131, Anadolu’nun da i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu daha geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyada kullan\u0131lmaya devam etti. M\u00d6 6. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Anadolu’nun b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na alan Ahameni\u015f \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, bu gelene\u011fin \u00f6nemli temsilcilerinden biriydi. Ahameni\u015f d\u00f6nemine ait ritonlar aras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle de\u011ferli metallerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6rnekler dikkat \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Metropolitan Museum koleksiyonunda bulunan M\u00d6 5. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f bir ritonun \u00fcst b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc boynuz bi\u00e7iminde. Alt k\u0131sm\u0131 ise ko\u00e7 veya da\u011f ke\u00e7isini and\u0131ran bir hayvan\u0131n \u00f6n g\u00f6vdesiyle sonlan\u0131yor. Hayvan\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ustal\u0131kla i\u015flenmi\u015f. Kab\u0131n \u00fczerinde geometrik ve bitkisel s\u00fcslemeler de var. Bu eseri Hitit g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f geyik kab\u0131ndan ay\u0131ran \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zellik var: Alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n akmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k bulunur.<\/strong> Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu kap, ritonun teknik tan\u0131m\u0131na uygun bir \u00f6rnektir. M\u00fcze kayd\u0131na g\u00f6re, bug\u00fcn birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan iki par\u00e7an\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta ayn\u0131 kaba ait olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesin de\u011fil.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

B\u00f6yle bir kaptan i\u00e7mek, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kadehlerden i\u00e7mekten farkl\u0131 bir deneyim olmal\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 denetlemek, kab\u0131 do\u011fru a\u00e7\u0131yla tutmak ve i\u00e7ece\u011fi d\u00f6kmeden i\u00e7mek belirli bir beceri gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

De\u011ferli metallerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ritonlar, ayn\u0131 zamanda sahiplerinin zenginli\u011fini ve toplumsal konumunu da yans\u0131t\u0131yor. Unutmadan ekleyelim: S\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f riton, Ahameni\u015f sanat\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fi ve m\u00fcze kayd\u0131nda \u0130ran k\u00f6kenli olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor; Anadolu\u2019da bulundu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyemiyoruz. Bununla birlikte, Anadolu’nun Ahameni\u015f \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmas\u0131, bu i\u00e7me k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00f6lgedeki se\u00e7kinlerin ya\u015fam\u0131yla ili\u015fkisini ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 anlaml\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

B\u00f6ylece ritonlar\u0131n din\u00ee ve t\u00f6rensel i\u015flevlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, saray \u00e7evrelerinde ve se\u00e7kinlerin ya\u015fam\u0131nda zenginlik ve toplumsal konum g\u00f6stergesi olarak da kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Bir Kab\u0131n \u0130\u00e7inde Saklanan Tarih<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\n

Hititlerden Ahameni\u015flere, seramikten g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fe, farkl\u0131 uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n hayvan fig\u00fcrl\u00fc kaplar\u0131 birbirinden farkl\u0131 yerlerde ve farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7larla kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bazen g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda, bazen t\u00f6renlerde. Bazen ibadetin par\u00e7as\u0131yken, bazen zenginli\u011fin anlat\u0131m\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Antik toplumlarda \u015farab\u0131n i\u00e7me, sunu ve ziyafet geleneklerinde \u00f6nemli bir yer tuttu\u011funu biliyoruz. Ancak bu yaz\u0131da ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kaplar\u0131n her birinde \u015farap bulundu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil; bunu s\u00f6yleyebilmek i\u00e7in elimizde yeterli kan\u0131t yok. Yine de ritonlar ve hayvan bi\u00e7imli i\u00e7me kaplar\u0131, \u015farab\u0131n da i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015f bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00fcnyan\u0131n izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yor. Ama cevab\u0131n\u0131 bilmedi\u011fimiz ba\u015fka sorular da var: O kab\u0131 kim tutmu\u015ftu? Hangi t\u00f6rene kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131? \u0130\u00e7inde ne vard\u0131? Ve neden bir hayvan\u0131n bi\u00e7imini ta\u015f\u0131yordu?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

T\u00fcrkiye: D\u00fcnyan\u0131n En B\u00fcy\u00fck A\u00e7\u0131k Hava \u015earap M\u00fczesi<\/strong> dedi\u011fimizde, anlatmak istedi\u011fimiz biraz da bu. Anadolu’nun \u015farap ge\u00e7mi\u015fi yaln\u0131zca ba\u011flarda, \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00e7e\u015fitlerinde, \u00fcretim tekniklerinde veya ticaret yollar\u0131nda sakl\u0131 de\u011fil. Bazen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kab\u0131n bi\u00e7iminde, bazen onun \u00fczerindeki kabartmada, bazen de binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir rit\u00fcel metninin birka\u00e7 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Ve her yeni buluntu, bu uzun hik\u00e2yeye ba\u015fka bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131 ekliyor.<\/p>\n

\n

Kaynaklar ve \u0130leri Okuma<\/em><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\n

Metropolitan Museum of Art. Ko\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131 bi\u00e7imli kap (Vessel), 67.182.1.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Metropolitan Museum of Art. Hitit g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f geyik kab\u0131 (Vessel terminating in the forepart of a stag), 1989.281.10.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Metropolitan Museum of Art. Ahameni\u015f ritonu (Rhyton terminating in the forepart of a ram), 1989.281.30a, b.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

van den Hout, Theo (2018). \u201cThe Silver Stag Vessel: A Royal Gift.\u201d Metropolitan Museum Journal, 53.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Eser g\u00f6rselleri m\u00fczenin kamu mal\u0131 olarak i\u015faretledi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Anadolu’nun binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u00e7me ve sunu geleneklerinde ritonlar\u0131n izini s\u00fcr\u00fcyoruz. K\u00fcltepe’nin hayvan bi\u00e7imli kaplar\u0131ndan Hititlerin g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f geyiklerine uzanan bu yolculuk, \u015farap k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00f6rensel d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmemizi sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":995042,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1961],"tags":[1966,463,1965,1963,1964,1962],"class_list":["post-995040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-acik-hava-sarap-muzesi","tag-ahamenisler","tag-anadolu-sarap-tarihi","tag-bibru","tag-hititler","tag-kultepe","tag-riton"],"yoast_head":"\nRiton Nedir? 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