{"id":995574,"date":"2026-11-12T22:12:45","date_gmt":"2026-11-12T19:12:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/?p=995574"},"modified":"2026-11-13T12:44:15","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T09:44:15","slug":"sagalassos-mutfak-kulturu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wayanatapas.com\/ja\/sagalassos-mutfak-kulturu\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulutlar\u0131n Aras\u0131nda Bir Sofra: Sagalassos"},"content":{"rendered":"
ANADOLU’NUN MUTFAK ARKEOLOJ\u0130S\u0130 02<\/p>\n

\"Sagalassos<\/p>\n

Denizden yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.500 metre y\u00fckseklikte, Bat\u0131 Toroslar’\u0131n g\u00fcney yama\u00e7lar\u0131na kurulmu\u015f bir kent d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Arkas\u0131nda sarp da\u011flar, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131nda bereketli vadiler, uzaklarda g\u00f6ller ve Akdeniz’e uzanan yollar…<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131zda Sagalassos.<\/p>\n

Sagalassos Burdur\u2019un A\u011flasun il\u00e7esi yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda. Kente bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z zaman sizde b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk izlenim sanki d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyadan kopuk, izole bir yer. Oysa arkeolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar hi\u00e7 de \u00f6yle demiyor. Anl\u0131yoruz ki zaman\u0131nda, \u00e7evresindeki tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131ndan, meralardan, ormanlardan ve su kaynaklar\u0131ndan yararlanan; ayn\u0131 zamanda uzak b\u00f6lgelerle ticaret ili\u015fkileri kurmu\u015f \u00f6nemli bir yerle\u015fim merkeziydi Sagalassos.<\/p>\n

Anadolu’nun Mutfak Arkeolojisi ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki ilk yaz\u0131m\u0131zda Ephesos<\/strong><\/a> vard\u0131. Geldik bu yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ge\u00e7en mutfak arkeolojisinin Sagalassos\u2019taki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulmaya. Bu co\u011frafyada ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n sofras\u0131nda neler oluyordu? Kentin sakinleri hangi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri yeti\u015ftiriyor, hangi hayvanlar\u0131 besliyor, do\u011fadan neler topluyor? Ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 mutfaklar\u0131nda nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendiriyorlard\u0131?<\/p>\n

Sagalassos mutfak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, bu sorular\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131na \u015fa\u015f\u0131lacak kadar somut yan\u0131tlar veriyor.<\/p>\n

Co\u011frafyan\u0131n Sunduklar\u0131: Da\u011flar, Vadiler ve Kilerler<\/h2>\n

A\u011flasun Vadisi’nin bereketi<\/h3>\n

Sagalassos’ta ya\u015fam\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6nemdeki beslenme ekonomisinin temelinde, kentin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131ndaki A\u011flasun Vadisi ve \u00e7evresindeki tar\u0131msal alanlar vard\u0131. B\u00f6lgedeki farkl\u0131 y\u00fckseltiler, su kaynaklar\u0131 ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck havzalar \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin yeti\u015ftirilmesine olanak sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Y\u00fcksek kesimlerdeki otlaklarda hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, vadilerdeyse tah\u0131l tar\u0131m\u0131, meyvecilik ve bah\u00e7ecilik yap\u0131labiliyordu.<\/p>\n

Arkeobotanik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, \u00f6zellikle bu\u011fday ve arpan\u0131n temel tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Roma \u0130mparatorluk d\u00f6neminde bu\u011fday \u00e7e\u015fitleri ve arpa \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karken, Erken Bizans d\u00f6neminde arpan\u0131n \u00f6nemi artm\u0131\u015f, ayr\u0131ca \u00e7avdar ve dar\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, baklagiller de tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimin par\u00e7alar\u0131 olmu\u015f. Mercimek ve di\u011fer baklagiller, tah\u0131llar\u0131n yan\u0131nda beslenmenin \u00f6nemli bitkisel kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyormu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Sagalassos’un tar\u0131m\u0131nda baklagiller ve tah\u0131llar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra b\u00f6lgenin badem, incir, ceviz, elma, armut, erik, nar ve \u00fcz\u00fcm gibi meyvelerinin de bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Bah\u00e7e bitkileri ve aromatik otlar\u0131n da bu \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, dereotu, kereviz, ki\u015fni\u015f, kimyon, \u00e7emen ve kekik benzeri bitkilerin arkeobotanik kay\u0131tlarda yer almas\u0131, Roma d\u00f6neminde b\u00f6lgenin tar\u0131m ve beslenme d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar zengin bir \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe sahip oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara ek olarak, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin yerel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, baz\u0131 kuruyemi\u015flerin ve bitkisel \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelerden getirildi\u011fini anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Anlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z, Sagalassos’un kilerindekiler hem \u00e7evresindeki topra\u011f\u0131n hem de ticaret ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Ormanlar, meralar ve yabani bitkiler<\/h3>\n

Kentin \u00e7evresinde yer alan ve ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131ran da\u011flar\u0131n ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6nemli ekonomik kaynaklar sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da unutmamak l\u00e2z\u0131m. Arkeobotanik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, b\u00f6lge sakinlerinin yabani bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcnden yararland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve orman kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Bulunan her yabani bitkinin mutlaka yemek amac\u0131yla topland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olabilir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 yakacak, hayvan yemi, t\u0131bbi veya ba\u015fka ama\u00e7larla da kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n

Kaz\u0131larda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan kemiklerden koyun, ke\u00e7i, s\u0131\u011f\u0131r ve domuzun \u00f6nemli yer tuttu\u011funu, hayvanlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca etinden yararlan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, s\u00fct, y\u00fcn, deri ve tar\u0131msal i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da k\u0131rsal ekonominin par\u00e7alar\u0131 oldu\u011funu anl\u0131yoruz. S\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar \u00f6zellikle dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Kemiklerdeki ya\u015f ve a\u015f\u0131nma izleri, baz\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131n uzun s\u00fcre \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kesildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7evredeki yabani hayvanlar\u0131n da ancak geyik, yaban domuzu ve ba\u015fka t\u00fcrlerden bulunan kemiklere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda av hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n toplam et t\u00fcketimindeki pay\u0131n\u0131n evcil hayvanlara g\u00f6re \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Yani Sagalassos’un beslenme kaynaklar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir \u00e7e\u015fitlilik var.<\/p>\n

Da\u011flar\u0131n \u00f6tesinden gelen yiyecekler<\/h3>\n

Sagalassos’un co\u011frafi konumunun kentin d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyadan kopuk oldu\u011fu izleniminin yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftik. Bunun en dikkat \u00e7ekici kan\u0131tlar\u0131ndan biri bal\u0131k kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Arkeologlar\u0131n eski yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgeleriyle ilgili en de\u011ferli bilgi kaynaklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6nemlerin \u00e7\u00f6pleri var. Sagalassos\u2019taki Erken Bizans d\u00f6nemine ait bir konutun mutfak ve sofra at\u0131klar\u0131nda en az 12 farkl\u0131 bal\u0131k ailesi belirlenmi\u015f. Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda Anadolu tatl\u0131 su bal\u0131klar\u0131, Akdeniz t\u00fcrleri ve hatta Nil b\u00f6lgesiyle ili\u015fkili bir bal\u0131k (Nil yay\u0131n bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \/ Clarias gariepinus<\/em>) bulunuyor. \u0130zotop analizleri, incelenen sazangillerin E\u011firdir G\u00f6l\u00fc’nden getirildi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Deniz bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgeleriyle ticari ili\u015fkileri ortaya koyuyor. Baz\u0131 bal\u0131klar\u0131n korunarak (salamura gibi<\/em>) ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 muhtemel. Ancak hen\u00fcz bu bulgulardan hareketle kentte fermente bal\u0131k sosu garum<\/em> t\u00fcketildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek i\u00e7in erken.<\/p>\n

Anlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z, Sagalassos’un sofras\u0131 yaln\u0131zca da\u011flar\u0131n ve vadilerin de\u011fil, uzak ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n da \u015fekillendirdi\u011fi bir sofraym\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

\"Sagalassos<\/p>\n

Arkeolojinin Ayd\u0131nlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Mutfak<\/h2>\n

Tencerelerin i\u00e7inde ne pi\u015fiyordu?<\/h3>\n

Bir antik yerle\u015fimde tah\u0131l, hayvan kemi\u011fi veya pi\u015firme kab\u0131 bulmak \u00e7ok heyecan verici olsa da bunlar bize hangi yemeklerin haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermiyor. Ama Sagalassos’ta yap\u0131lan kimyasal analizler sayesinde bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131na biraz daha yakla\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, seramik kaplar\u0131n g\u00f6zeneklerinde korunmu\u015f organik kal\u0131nt\u0131lar incelendi. Gaz kromatografisi ve izotop analizleri gibi y\u00f6ntemlerle baz\u0131 kaplarda gevi\u015f getiren hayvanlara ait v\u00fccut ya\u011flar\u0131, ba\u015fka kaplarda ise farkl\u0131 hayvansal ya\u011flar belirlendi. Bir \u00f6rnekte s\u00fct ya\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin kimyasal kan\u0131tlar tespit edildi. Bu sonu\u00e7 sayesinde s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin mutfakta kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin kanaatimiz g\u00fc\u00e7lendi. Ancak bulgular hen\u00fcz s\u00fct\u00fcn nas\u0131l t\u00fcketildi\u011fini, peynir yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Daha da ilgin\u00e7 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma, 12. ve 13. y\u00fczy\u0131llara ait Bizans d\u00f6nemi pi\u015firme kaplar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar seramiklerin bi\u00e7imlerini, i\u00e7lerindeki ya\u011f kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, hayvan kemiklerini ve tarihsel kaynaklar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirerek Sagalassos’ta s\u0131\u011f\u0131r etiyle haz\u0131rlanan yahni t\u00fcr\u00fc yemeklerin t\u00fcketildi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015ft\u0131lar. Her ne kadar bir tencerede hayvansal ya\u011f bulunmas\u0131, yeme\u011fin b\u00fct\u00fcn malzemelerini veya tarifini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmasa bile, farkl\u0131 kan\u0131tlarla birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin mutfa\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin karanl\u0131k biraz daha ayd\u0131nlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\"Sagalassos<\/p>\n

Ocak ba\u015f\u0131nda g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam<\/h3>\n

Sagalassos’ta MS 6. y\u00fczy\u0131la tarihlenen ve ayn\u0131 anda \u00fc\u00e7 pi\u015firme kab\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015ftirilebildi\u011fi bir ocak d\u00fczene\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Mutfaklar\u0131n fiziksel d\u00fczenini anlamam\u0131z bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olan bu bulgu sayesinde kaplar\u0131n ate\u015fe nas\u0131l yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fi, birden fazla yeme\u011fin ayn\u0131 anda haz\u0131rlanabilmesi ve mutfak mek\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 hakk\u0131nda somut bilgiler elde edebiliyoruz. Bilmedi\u011fimiz ne? Hangi ocakta hengi yeme\u011fin pi\u015fti\u011fini bilemiyoruz. \u0130\u015fte arkeolojinin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131tlarla tarihsel canland\u0131rma aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131r tam da burada ba\u015fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Herkesin oturdu\u011fu sofra ayn\u0131 m\u0131yd\u0131?<\/h3>\n

Hayvan kemiklerinin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, Sagalassos’taki beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal \u00e7evrelere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Baz\u0131 konutlar\u0131n at\u0131klar\u0131nda domuz ve tavuk kemiklerinin y\u00fcksek oranlarda bulunmas\u0131n\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar y\u00fcksek toplumsal stat\u00fcyle ili\u015fkilendiriyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ayn\u0131 yerle\u015fimdeki b\u00fct\u00fcn at\u0131k topluluklar\u0131 benzer sonu\u00e7lar vermiyor. Bu nedenle zengin ve yoksul men\u00fcler aras\u0131nda bir fark oldu\u011fu belli.<\/p>\n

Sofran\u0131n toplumsal boyutunu g\u00f6steren ba\u015fka bir bulgu da yakla\u015f\u0131k MS 200’e tarihlenen bir yap\u0131yla ilgili. Burada ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan arkeolojik izler, yap\u0131n\u0131n toplu yemekler ve toplant\u0131lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, mek\u00e2n\u0131n bir meslek toplulu\u011funa veya din\u00ee ya da sosyal bir birli\u011fe ait olabilece\u011fini de\u011ferlendiriyor.<\/p>\n

Bundan anl\u0131yoruz ki Sagalassos\u2019ta yemek, yaln\u0131zca evlerin i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen g\u00fcndelik bir faaliyet de\u011filmi\u015f. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n bir araya gelmesinin, toplumsal ili\u015fkiler kurmas\u0131n\u0131n ve ortak kimliklerini ifade etmesinin de ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biriymi\u015f.<\/p>\n

K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 astarl\u0131 sofralar<\/h3>\n

Sagalassos, Roma d\u00f6neminde \u00fcretilen k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 astarl\u0131 seramikleriyle \u00fcnl\u00fc. Sagalassos Red Slip Ware<\/em> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu kaplar, tabaklardan k\u00e2selere uzanan \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fiyle hem yerel sofralarda kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu hem de ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelere ula\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu \u00fcretim, yemek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca g\u0131dalarla de\u011fil, onlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve sunulmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7larla da \u015fekillendi\u011fini hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u015earap da bu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Ge\u00e7 Antik \u00c7a\u011f’da Sagalassos ve \u00e7evresindeki ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k, \u00fcretim ve ticaret faaliyetleri \u00f6nemli bir ekonomik boyut kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak bu hik\u00e2yeyi, A\u00e7\u0131k Hava M\u00fczesi dizimizde Sagalassos’un \u015farap k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ay\u0131raca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir yaz\u0131m\u0131zda ayr\u0131ca ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Son S\u00f6z: Co\u011frafyadan Sofraya<\/h2>\n

Sagalassos’un mutfak arkeolojisi bize bir kentin beslenme k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Vadilerde yeti\u015ftirilen tah\u0131llar, da\u011flarda otlat\u0131lan hayvanlar, ormanlardan sa\u011flanan kaynaklar ve uzak b\u00f6lgelerden getirilen yiyecekler, ayn\u0131 mutfakta bulu\u015fuyordu. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde G\u00f6ller Y\u00f6resi’nin tah\u0131l, baklagil, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve uzun s\u00fcre pi\u015firilen yemeklere dayanan mutfak gelenekleriyle arkeolojik bulgular aras\u0131nda baz\u0131 benzerlikler g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. Ancak bunlar\u0131 iki bin y\u0131ll\u0131k kesintisiz bir gelene\u011fin kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirmemiz do\u011fru olmaz. Ayn\u0131 co\u011frafyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00e7a\u011flarda insanlara sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanaklar ve getirdi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar incelemeye de\u011fer.<\/p>\n

Sagalassos’ta g\u00f6rkemli an\u0131tlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda s\u0131radan mutfak kaplar\u0131n\u0131n, hayvan kemiklerinin ve k\u00f6m\u00fcrle\u015fmi\u015f tah\u0131l tanelerinin de bize anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir tarih var. Yani kentin ge\u00e7mi\u015fini yaln\u0131z tap\u0131naklarda ve binalarda de\u011fil, mutfakta da aramam\u0131z gerekiyor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bat\u0131 Toroslar’\u0131n y\u00fckseklerinde kurulan Sagalassos’un mutfa\u011f\u0131nda neler pi\u015fiyordu? Tah\u0131llardan uzak diyarlardan gelen bal\u0131klara, seramik kaplarda korunan ya\u011f izlerinden antik yemek al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131na uzanan arkeolojik bulgularla, iki bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin sofralar\u0131na bak\u0131yoruz.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":995578,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1985],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-995574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anadolunun-mutfak-arkeolojisi"],"yoast_head":"\nSagalassos Mutfak K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc: Antik Bir Sofra | WAYANA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sagalassos'ta antik \u00e7a\u011fda neler yeniyordu? 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