established norms. Just as wild grape varieties were transformed into today’s wine grapes about 10,000 years ago, new studies are now being conducted to create grape varieties that can thrive under current climate conditions. These efforts are progressing rapidly, and the emerging examples are gradually being introduced to wine enthusiasts. We’ve prepared a summary of varieties that have entered or are soon to enter our collection due to these changes. This topic likely won’t be covered in just one article; it seems we’ll be revisiting it from time to time.
Newly Developed Grape Varieties
Research is focused on developing grape varieties that will retain essential qualities for winemaking (aroma, flavor profile, resilience) while also adapting to the challenging conditions brought on by climate change. Here are some primary methods and results being explored in this context:
- Hybrid Varieties
- Scientists have developed hybrid varieties by crossing Vitis vinifera with resilient American grape species (e.g., Vitis riparia or Vitis labrusca). These hybrids are more resistant to drought, temperature fluctuations, and diseases. For example, hybrid varieties like Solaris and Regent have become popular in Europe and America, standing out as successful varieties adapted to warmer climates. Of these, Solaris is an example being trialed here as well, and occasionally appears on the WAYANA menu from Nif Bağları.
- Later-Ripening Varieties
- To prevent excessive sugar and low acid levels caused by high temperatures, later-ripening grape varieties are being developed. For example, varieties that ripen later than classic grapes like Cabernet Sauvignon can offer a balanced flavor profile even in warm climates.
- Disease Resistance
- Artan sıcaklık ve nem, asmalarda küf, mildiyö ve külleme gibi hastalıkların yayılmasını kolaylaştırır. Araştırmacılar, bu tür hastalıklara karşı dirençli genetik özelliklere sahip asmalar üzerinde çalışmaktadır. Özellikle Pinot noir gibi hassas üzüm çeşitlerinin hastalıklara dayanıklı hibrit versiyonları geliştirilmiştir.
- Drought-Resistant Varieties
- As the risk of drought increases, grape varieties requiring less water are gaining importance. Drought-resistant types are selected based on root structures that grow deeper or have higher water retention capabilities. For this purpose, more resilient variants of traditional varieties like Grenache are also being developed.
New-Generation Wine Grapes Not Yet Seen in Turkey
We know that hybrid varieties like Baco Noir, Vidal Blanc, and Maréchal Foch were developed in Canada, which once had an even colder climate, and have been used in winemaking there for many years. Additionally, hybrids that have thrived in the U.S., such as La Crescent, La Crosse, Marquette, and Traminette, should be mentioned. Norton, the oldest and best-known hybrid grape in the U.S., also deserves inclusion. In Europe, similar varieties, including names we’re familiar with, like Cabernet Cortis, Pinot Kors, and Sauvignon Nepis, have been developed.
Studies for the Future
These grape varieties are considered an important step toward sustainable winemaking in the face of climate change. Furthermore, researchers are focusing on how these new varieties can adapt to local characteristics. Not only do these grapevines aim to increase yield, but they also seek to preserve wine quality and offer wine enthusiasts unique flavor profiles.
Research is still ongoing, with promising results achieved. These new varieties, which can keep pace with the speed of climate change, have the potential to ensure the sustainability and diversity of the wine industry in the future.
